2. Learning Objectives Define integumentary system terminology
Describe the function of the integumentary system
Identify integumentary system structures and the function of each
Identify methods used to assess the integumentary system
Describe disorders of the integumentary system
Describe three methods that can be used to maintain healthy skin
Identify three types of skin CA and at least five methods for prevention

3. Structure The Integumentary system is composed of: * Skin – main organ
* Accessory structures
- Hair, Nails, Specialized glands,
& Nerves

4. Function Functions of the integumentary system: Main function:
- Protects the other body systems from injury and infection
Other functions:
Helps the body maintain homeostasis by regulating temperature, retaining body fluids, and eliminating wastes
Perceive environment with sensory receptors
Store energy & Vitamins / produce Vitamin D from sun

5. Structures of the Skin

6. Skin The largest organ of the body
Varies in thickness from 1/50 inch (0.5 mm) in the eyelids to 1/4 inch (6.3 mm) in the soles of the feet
Changes in the skin often indicate the presence of other body system disorders including anemia, respiratory disorders, liver disorders, cancer, and shock

7. Layers of Skin Epidermis (cuticle): Outermost layer of the skin
Composed of a surface of dead cells with an underlying layer of living cells
Keratinocytes make up 90% -water repellant
Contains sebaceous and sudoriferous glands as well as hair follicles
Melanocytes (produces melanin) are located in the epidermis
Melanin: pigment that gives skin its color

8. Layers of Skin (cont)
The surface of the epidermis is covered with a film composed of:
- Oil
- Sweat
- Epithelial cells
Together these work to:
- Lubricate
- Hydrate
- Provide antibacterial protection
- Block toxic agents from entering the body

9. Layers of Skin (Continued)
Dermis (corium)
Called the “true” skin
Contains the blood vessels and nerves
Each inch of skin contains 15 feet of blood vessels
Nerve endings in skin allow it to be sensitive to environmental stimuli
Subcutaneous
Innermost layer
Contains adipose, which cushions and insulates the body’s organs

10. Hair and Hair Follicles
Skin has hair in all areas except the soles of the feet and palms of the hands
Hair blocks foreign particles from entering the body through structures such as the nose and eyes
Originate in the dermis
The visible portion is called the shaft
The hair follicle is the root with its covering
Tiny muscle attached at hair shaft causes “goose bumps” in response to cold or fear
Hair color & texture are inherited

11. Glands Three types of glands in the skin: Sebaceous glands (oil)
Located everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet
Sebum (oil) causes the skin to be soft and waterproof
Sudoriferous glands (sweat)
Help regulate the body temperature and excrete body wastes
Ceruminous glands
Located only in the auditory canal of the ear
Secrete wax that helps protect the ear from infection and prevents entry of foreign bodies

12. Assessment Techniques

13. Assessment of the Skin Dermatology: Study of the Skin
Dermatitis: general term for inflammation of the skin
Skin disorders are generally uncomfortable & unattractive but not life threatening

14. Assessment of the Skin Visual Inspection:
- Skin lesions can usually be seen
- Size, shape, texture & color of a lesion often
help reveal it’s cause
Biopsy:
- Removal or examination of living tissue
- Biopsy or culture may be used to identify the
causative organism