A Call to Arms Unit 3 (ch. 5.3) Are your classroom colors different than what you see in this template? That’s OK! Click on Design -> Variants (the down arrow) -> Pick the color scheme that works for you! Feel free to change any “You will…” and “I will…” statements to ensure they align with your classroom procedures and rules!

I. Philadelphia A. The Continental Congress September 1774 55 delegates 12 of the 13 colonies (no GA) MA = Samuel & John Adams NY = John Jay VA = George Washington, Richard Henry Lee, & Patrick Henry GOAL = Set up a political body / challenge British control

II. The Delegates A. Vote Discuss complaints against British then vote Statement of Grievances = repeal 13 acts of Parliament Violated laws of nature, the principles of the English Constitution, and the several charters of the colonies Voted to boycott British trade Would not import or export

B. Suffolk Resolves Continental Congress endorses the Suffolk Resolves Prepared by the people of Boston & other Suffolk County towns in Mass. declaring the Coercive Acts to be illegal SR called on residents to arm themselves against the British Inspired other colonies to organize militias (groups of citizen soldiers)

III. Fighting A. Militias Protect communities Trained & drills with other citizen soldiers Practiced using muskets & cannons Required to provide own weapons Towns gathered and stored military supplies

B. Tension Rise New England = “in a state of rebellion” April 1775 = several thousand British troops in Boston British general, Thomas Gage, ordered to seize weapons from Mass. militia & arrest leaders Ordered 700 troops under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to Concord

C. British April 18, 1775 = Dr. Joseph Warren (colonial protest leader) discovered British troops marching out of Boston Alerted Paul Revere & William Dawes Rode to Lexington = spread the word “The British are coming” One by land two by sea Midnight Riders Sybil Ludington

D. Lexington & Concord British run into 70 minutemen – led by Captain John Parker Shot fired = both sides exchange bullets = 8 minutemen dead British continue = more minutemen = British take heavy losses British reach Boston with 174 wounded & 73 dead 60 years later, poet Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote “The Concord Hymn” that the Americans fired the “shot heard ‘round the world.”

E. Aftermath Armed conflict spreads Benedict Arnold = captain Conn. Militia = raised a force of 400 = seized Fort Ticonderoga Arnold joins Ethan Allen’s (VT) men, the Green Mountain Boys Take British by surprise Arnold = traitor to Patriots = sold military info to British

F. Battle of Bunker Hill Militia (20,000) around Boston June 16, 1775 = militia commanded by Colonel William Prescott set up posts at Bunker Hill & Breed’s Hill Weapons drawn at Breed’s Hill “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” – Prescott At first British retreat Twice redcoats charge = Americans out of gunpowder & retreat Battle of Breed’s Hill = Battle of Bunker Hill = defeating Americans neither quick nor easy

IV. Choosing Sides Loyalist Those who sided with Britain Did not think unfair taxes and laws justified rebellion Some were officeholders responsible for upholding British law Others had not suffered from British policies

Patriot Supported the war Colonist should have the right to govern themselves Determined to fight the British until American independence was won