Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

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Presentation transcript:

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas Chapter 15 Section 2 Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

Ruling the Spanish Empire Governing the Provinces – set up Council of the Indies to pass laws for the colonies -appointed viceroys= representatives who rule in the kings name, in each province. - Council monitored the viceroys to make sure they did no assume too much authority

Spreading Christianity Winning souls for Christinity was as important as gaining land Tried to convert Native Americans to Christianity Church leaders served as royal officals As land and territory expanded so did the churches power

Controlling Trade Most important items traded were gold, silver, raw materials, and sugar cane products. Sugar cane products= molasses, sugar, and rum

Encomienda System A system of forced labor The right to to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area. Forced Native Americans to work under the most brutal conditions. Resisted were hunted down and killed Disease, starvation, and cruel treatment caused drastic declines in population of N.A.= Labor shortages These shortages lead to the slave trade.

Colonial Society and Culture Cultural blending- because of the interaction between the Spanish, Indian (N.A.), and African, cultures started to change and adapt Page 479

Layered Society Top= Peninsulares- people from Spain, filled the highest positions in government and church 2nd Creoles- American born decedents from Spain- owned most of the plantations , ranches, and mines 3rd Mestizos- people of N.A. and European decent 4th Mulattoes- people of N.A. and African decent.

The Portuguese Colony in Brazil First inhabited by the Tupian Indians, but most were wiped out by disease. 1530 Portuguese started to develop the land No instant wealth (no gold or silver) but had Brazialwood, used to produce a dye Started to develop agriculture, used Indians and Africans as labor to clear the land. Anew culture was created with the Blending of Portuguese, African, and Native American cultures