1. Ch.13 Sec.3

2.  Brazil – Completely controlled by Portugal by the 1500s Only area controlled by Portugal in the W. Hemisphere

3. Peninsulares Creoles Multi-Racial Groups

4.  Peninsulares European-born Govt Officials & high-ranking officers  Creoles Descendents of Europeans born in Latin America Owned land and ran businesses  Mixed Racial Groups Mestizos (European & Native American mix) Mulattoes (European & African mix)

5.  Treatment of Mixed Races Were treated as inferior by Peninsulares & Creoles Mestizos became larger over time, gained more rights as a result Groups treated worst were imported slaves & conquered natives

6.  Colonies of the Americas Provided resources for the mother country to become more economically powerful Each colony was ruled by a viceroy (governor) Portugal & Spain gained gold, silver, agricultural goods from colonies Colonies continued to use the encomienda system for labor  Mita – System used in Peru to force laborers to work in silver mines

7.  Religion in the Americas Both Portugal & Spain force Christianization of natives in their colonies Missionaries helped spread European culture amongst the natives Catholic church built missions, monasteries, churches, hospitals, & schools across the Americas  Juana Ines de la Cruz Helped create religious refuges for women