The Fall of the Byzantine Empire with Greek/Roman Culture, and The Rise of Islam Religion and Empires.

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The Fall of the Byzantine Empire with Greek/Roman Culture, and The Rise of Islam Religion and Empires

The Bedouins Nomadic people of Arabia Mixture of polytheistic religions, Jews and Christians in the region Caravans between minor trading cities and oasis

Map of Arabia

A Bedouin

More Bedouins

Bedouin Women

Muhammad Creator of Islam- new monotheistic faith - From Mecca - Went to the mountains/meditation receives revelations from God - Quits job and preaches, other tribes do not like him and kick him out of Mecca Muhammad in Medina -unites tribes, takes control of Medina - Goes back and takes Mecca Sparks the conquests of the Arabs across 3 continents

The Conquests Over a period of 200 years the Arabs conquered land from Arabia West across northern Africa and Spain, east to Persia and north to Asia Minor (Turkey)

Arab Warrior

Why were they successful in creating a large Empire? Power Vacuum after the Fall of the Roman Empire - Byzantines not strong - No major Kingdoms were standing in there way Arab warriors faith inspired victory Unique fighting style

Area conquered by the Arabs

Arab Government Set up as a Theocracy - Laws derived from the Koran - The highest official was the Caliph - Goal of government was to spread Islamic religion, law and culture - Complete departure from the Greek/Roman Culture that denominated the area for 1,000 years

The Downfall of the Arab Empires (but not Islam) Spain and North African countries wanted their own local rulers (Caliphs) The Seljuk Turks: Nomads from Asia - Defeated Arab armies and took control of Baghdad - Converted to Islam - Let the Arabs and Persians remain as religious leaders, but not political

Turkish Warriors

Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

Decline of Ottoman Empire

Janissaries

Later Muslim Empires Ottomans - Seljuk Turks weakened - Osman: took control (Ottoman) - Defeated the Byzantine Empire - Empire covered a vast area - Hung around till the end of WWI, 600 years - Janissaries: feared special forces of the Ottomans - Former Christians taken from home

Osman

Suleiman the Magnificent Most famous Ottoman Emperor Highly educated Extended the Ottoman Emperor greatly Ruled for 46 years (1520-1566) Reconstructed the legal system

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