Deviance and Social Control

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Presentation transcript:

Deviance and Social Control Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control

What is Deviance? Relative Deviance What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others “Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term A Neutral Term Stigma © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Norms Make Social Life Possible Makes Behavior Predictable No Norms - Social Chaos Social Control Group’s Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sanctions Negative Sanctions Positive Sanctions Frowns/gossip breaking folkways; imprison-ment/capital punishment for violating Mores Positive Sanctions From smiles to formal awards Are used to reward people for conforming to norms © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Competing Explanations of Deviance Sociobiologists Look for Answers Inside Individuals Genetic Predispositions Psychologists Focuses on Abnormalities Within Individuals Personality Disorders Deviant Personalities © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Competing Explanations of Deviance Sociologists Look for Answers Outside Individuals Socialization Membership in Subcultures Social Class © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Differential Association Theory The Theory Edwin Sutherland Families Friends, Neighbors, and Subcultures Prison or Freedom? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Control Theory The Theory Inner Controls Morality; Conscience; Religious Principles Outer controls Family, friends, the police Applying Control Theory © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Labeling Theory Rejecting Labels: How People Neutralize Deviance Denial of responsibility, injury, victim; condemnation of the condemners; loyalties Embracing Labels - Outlaw Bikers Power of Labels: Saints & Roughnecks © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functionalist Perspective: Can Deviance Be Functional? Most of us are upset by deviance Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms Promotes Social Unity Promotes Social Change © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functionalist Perspective: Strain Theory How Mainstream Values Produce Deviance Cultural Goals Institutional Means Strain Leads to Anomie Deviant paths Innovators; Ritualism; Retreatism; Rebellion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functionalist Perspective: Illegitimate Opportunity Structures Social Class Produces Distinct Styles of Crime Street Crime White-Collar Crime Corporations as Criminals Gender and Crime © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

How Safe Is Your State? Violent Crimes In the United States © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Conflict Perspective Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System The Criminal Justice System as an Instrument of Oppression Conflict theorists regard power & social inequality as main characteristics of society © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime Recidivism The Death Penalty Bias Legal Change Hate Crimes © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reaction to Deviance The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness Neither Mental nor Illness? Homeless Mentally Ill The Need for a More Humane Approach © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

How Much Is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Recidivism of U.S. Prisoners © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Executions in the United States © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Who Gets Executed? Gender Bias in Capital Punishment © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.