1. Deviance and Social Control
Chapter 6
Deviance and Social Control

2. What is Deviance? Relative Deviance
What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others
“Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term
A Neutral Term
Stigma
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3. Norms Make Social Life Possible
Makes Behavior Predictable
No Norms - Social Chaos
Social Control
Group’s Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms
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4. Sanctions Negative Sanctions Positive Sanctions
Frowns/gossip breaking folkways; imprison-ment/capital punishment for violating Mores
Positive Sanctions
From smiles to formal awards
Are used to reward people for conforming to norms
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5. Competing Explanations of Deviance
Sociobiologists
Look for Answers Inside Individuals
Genetic Predispositions
Psychologists
Focuses on Abnormalities Within Individuals
Personality Disorders
Deviant Personalities
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6. Competing Explanations of Deviance
Sociologists
Look for Answers Outside Individuals
Socialization
Membership in Subcultures
Social Class
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7. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Differential Association Theory
The Theory
Edwin Sutherland
Families
Friends, Neighbors, and Subcultures
Prison or Freedom?
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8. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Control Theory
The Theory
Inner Controls
Morality; Conscience; Religious Principles
Outer controls
Family, friends, the police
Applying Control Theory
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9. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Labeling Theory
Rejecting Labels: How People Neutralize Deviance
Denial of responsibility, injury, victim; condemnation of the condemners; loyalties
Embracing Labels - Outlaw Bikers
Power of Labels: Saints & Roughnecks
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10. Functionalist Perspective: Can Deviance Be Functional?
Most of us are upset by deviance
Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms
Promotes Social Unity
Promotes Social Change
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11. Functionalist Perspective: Strain Theory
How Mainstream Values Produce Deviance
Cultural Goals
Institutional Means
Strain Leads to Anomie
Deviant paths
Innovators; Ritualism; Retreatism; Rebellion
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13. Functionalist Perspective: Illegitimate Opportunity Structures
Social Class Produces Distinct Styles of Crime
Street Crime
White-Collar Crime
Corporations as Criminals
Gender and Crime
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15. The Conflict Perspective
Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System
The Criminal Justice System as an Instrument of Oppression
Conflict theorists regard power & social inequality as main characteristics of society
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17. Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime
Recidivism
The Death Penalty Bias
Legal Change
Hate Crimes
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18. Reaction to Deviance The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness
Neither Mental nor Illness?
Homeless Mentally Ill
The Need for a More Humane Approach
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