Enlightenment Thinkers

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Presentation transcript:

Enlightenment Thinkers

Philosophers: Thought on political, equality & popular sovereignty = the interests of educated & talented men who wanted to increase their influence and enhance their status in society Limit elite/ aristocratic society HOWEVER, did not want to share political rights with women, children, peasants, laborers, slaves, or colored people

John Locke (1632-1704)

Popular Sovereignty Natural rights to life, liberty & property Rulers derived their authority from the consent of those whom they governed man has the right to overthrow a ruler who does not protect those rights Locke relocated sovereignty Removed it from rulers and gave it to the people

Blank Slate Theory = Locke Individuals are born without built-in mental contact and that their knowledge comes from experience and perception.

Voltaire (1694-1778)

Individual Freedom Religious tolerance Freedom of speech

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Political & Legal Equality Noble Savage – men were good, society messed them up. Wanted to reform EDUCATION (universal) Social Contract Ideal society = all individuals would participate daily in creating the laws General will of the people would carry the day

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

Separation of Government Developed the theory of separation of governmental powers Checks and balances

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Rejects free will Nature of society– all men are bad men must give up some personal freedom in order to have a peaceful society with a strong ruler Rejects free will