reform movements An Era of Change

Please write this definition on the back of your chart you picked up. Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern region of the United States. The movement was a reaction to or protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality.

Second Great Awakening 1790’s Leader – Charles Grandison Finney: an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. During the colonial era, people believed in predestination which meant that God knew in advance who would be saved and who wouldn’t. The Second Great Awakening led people to believe that they could choose their own destiny. Preachers held religious revivals, huge out door meetings where thousands of people were “saved”. This movement led to society being more tolerant of other religions.

Second Great Awakening Charles Grandison Finney Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Second Great Awakening Charles Grandison Finney A religious movement that rejected predestination and focused on doing good things to get into Heaven and free will 1790s Tolerance of other Christian groups, inspired later reform movements such as Abolitionist and Temperance

Hospital & Prison Reform 1840 Leader – Dorthea Dix a volunteer Sunday teacher at a prison She was horrified at the conditions of the prison and how prisoners were treated. Mentally ill people were placed in prison and were chained up in dark rooms. When she investigated other prisons and she witnessed the same cruel treatment of the inmates and patients. She complied her findings in a report. The movement brought forth an awareness of the inhumane treatment of prisoners and established more accessible institutes for the mentally ill.

Hospital &Prison Reform Dorthea Dix Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Hospital &Prison Reform Dorthea Dix To help the mentally ill and prisoners receive humane treatment 1840s The mentally ill were no longer put into prisons. Mental institutions made available.

Temperance Movement Leader – Women! Carrie Nation Alcohol abuse was leading of abuse in the household and problems on the job. Carrie Nation was a well known spokes person for this movement. She would preach inside and outside bars about the sins of drinking. She was wanted in several states and even spent some time in jail for her protests. This movement was created to end alcohol abuse and led to some states even banning the sale of alcohol.

Temperance Movement Women Groups, Carrie Nation Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Temperance Movement Women Groups, Carrie Nation The belief that alcohol made men violent. Sought a ban on alcohol. Racist propaganda against foreigners was often used Mid 1800s to 1900s Alcohol banned, crime and social problems increased so Prohibition was repealed

Education Reform Leader – Horace Mann Before this most schooling was done in one room addressing various ages at once. This movement pushed for a change where children would be separated by their age groups and taught that way. Horace Mann established “common schools” where those wanting to be teachers could be trained to teach in the classroom. Public schools were created so that all kids could receive an education even the kids with disabilities.

To improve the education system and to set up public schools 1800s Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Education Reform Horace Mann To improve the education system and to set up public schools 1800s Creation of public schools and better trained teachers

Abolitionist Movement Were African Americans included when Jefferson wrote that “all men are created equal”? This movement began during the Second Great Awakening. The American Colonization Society proposed to end slavery by setting up an independent colony in Africa for freed slaves. President Monroe helped set up the colony of Liberia for this purpose. Many people believed that blacks and white could live together peacefully.

Abolitionist Movement A growing number of abolitionists wanted to end slavery in America. Free African Americans played an important role in this movement. Frederick Douglas was an escaped slave who became a powerful public speaker and leading abolitionist. The most outspoken white abolitionist was William Lloyd Garrison. He wrote The Liberator, a newspaper aimed at changing the opinion of slavery in the nation.

Underground railroad This was NOT a real railroad!! A network of black and white abolitionist who secretly helped slaves escape to freedom in the North The most famous “conductor” was Harriet Tubman, who had escaped slavery herself. She went back 19 times to help lead others out of slavery. Slave owners offered a $40,000 reward for her capture…dead or alive.

Abolitionist Movement Frederick Douglas William L. Garrison, Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Abolitionist Movement Frederick Douglas William L. Garrison, Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe To end slavery and to help escaped slaves 1800s The Liberator officially began the movement, Underground Railroad helped slaves escape, Frederick Douglass’ speeches lead the movement, H.B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired support

Women’s Rights Leaders: Sojourner Truth, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Caddy Stanton. Women had very few political and legal rights. They could not vote or hold office. When married the husband would get all of their property and if they worked their wages would go to the husband. These women pushed for equal rights for women!

Seneca Falls Convention 1848 A women’s right meeting held by Mott and Stanton in New York. This marked the beginning of the women’s rights movement Attending- 200 women and 40 men Delegates approve the Declaration of Sentiments which proclaimed that “all men and women were created equal.” Approved equality in the work force, at school, church and suffrage.

http://youtu.be/IYQhRCs9IHM Women’s Rights Sojourner Truth Reform Movements Who? What? When? Impact? Women’s Rights Sojourner Truth Elizabeth Stanton Lucretia Mott To gain equal rights and opportunities for women, Seneca Falls convention 1848 The Declaration of Sentiments. Led to formation of women’s rights organizations. Increased opportunities for women in education, marriage, and in the workplace http://youtu.be/IYQhRCs9IHM