Matter

Properties Extensive Intensive Property that depends on amount of matter present Examples: Mass & volume Intensive Property that depends on the type of matter present Examples: Color & boiling point

States of Matter Solid Liquid Gases Definite shape and volume Not easily compressed Liquid Definite volume but indefinite shape Gases Indefinite shape and volume Easily compressed

Types of Properties/Changes Physical Properties/Changes Physical Properties Quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its composition (Color, weight, melting point) Physical Changes Properties of a substance can change, but the composition of the material does not (Cut in ½, crush, melt, freeze, boil)

Types of Properties/Changes Chemical Properties/Changes Chemical Change Produces different substance (decomposition, explosions, burning) Chemical Properties Ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (ability to rust, burn, explode)

Mixtures Mixture – physical blend of 2 or more components Heterogeneous Composition is not uniform throughout the mixture (Hetero = different) Phase – separate homogeneous parts of a heterogeneous mixture (oil & water) Homogeneous Composition is uniform throughout the mixture (Homo = same) Solution – homogeneous mixture

Separating Mixtures Filtration – separate solid from liquid Distillation – separate a liquid from other liquids

Separating Mixtures Chromatography - separation based on solubility Evaporation – remove soluble solid from a liquid

Elements & Compounds Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition Element Simplest form of matter with unique properties Compound 2 or more elements combined in fixed proportion H2O always 2 H’s and 1 O

Elements & Compounds Compounds can be broken down by chemical means into simpler substance, but elements cannot Properties of compounds are different than the elements that make them up

Matter Flowchart

Chemical Reactions Signs that a Reaction has taken place Color change Energy change Production of a gas Solid formation (Precipitate) Chemical reactions not easily reversed Many physical changes are easily reversed

Chemical Reactions Reactants  Products Reactants – substances before reaction; starting materials Products – substances after reaction; what is made

Chemical Reactions Law of Conservation of Mass (Matter) Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction Mass of products must equal mass of reactants

Conservation of Mass