1. Matter and Change
Chapter 3

2. Definitions Matter Volume Mass
Anything that has ____ and takes up _____
Volume
Space the object ______
What would you use to determine the volume of…
Book? Air? Water?
Mass
______ of matter contained in an object.
What do we use in lab to determine mass?

3. Mass vs. Weight Are they the same?????? Big difference…
Weight depends on the location in the ______. It will change, mass does not change no matter the location.
Weight is defined as
The force produced by ______ acting on mass

4. Solid Liquid Gas

5. Phase Changes
Gas
Liquid
Solid

6. What makes up matter
All matter is composed of about 118 different kinds of ________s.
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

7. Pure Substance single element or compound that has definite chemical & physical properties
Contains only ____ type of atom
Can not be broken down by chemical means or physical means, only by __________ means
Compound
Made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by a _____bond
Can be broken down by chemical means, cannot be broken down by physical means

8. Elements exist as: Single atoms Molecules
Example: He in balloon (monatomic gas)
Molecules
____ or more atoms combine in a definite ratio.
Examples Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2 -all diatomic molecules S8

9. Allotrope One of a number of different molecular forms of an element.
Examples
O2 is oxygen
O3 is ozone
Carbon you know as _________ and __________

10. Compounds Are represented by formulas. Molecular formulas
Tells only what makes up a compound
Structural formulas
Shows how the atoms are connected

11. Mixture vs. Pure Substance
A pure substance has only ____ kind of element or ____________.
Where as a mixture has more than one kind of ______ or compound.

12. Types of Mixtures Called a _________________!!!
Homogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures in which the composition is uniform throughout. (i.e. the phases cannot be distinguished.)
Called a _________________!!!
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures in which the composition is not uniform throughout. (i.e. the phases can be distinguished.)
Known as a _______________!!!

13. Mixtures vs. Compound Compound Mixture Chemically joined
Has properties different from elements that make it up
Has a ____________ composition
Mixture
____ chemically joined
Reflect the properties of the substances it contains
Mixture’s components can vary in proportions

14. Separation of Matter Elements: Compounds:
Can only be broken down by _________________ reactions.
Compounds:
Can only be broken down by __________________ reactions.
Mixtures (hetero) and Solutions (homogeneous):
Can be broken down by ______________________ means.

15. Physical Means of Separation
Filtration: Separates mixtures by particle size.
Used to separate solids from liquids

16. Physical Means of Separation
Distillation: Separates liquid mixtures by differences in boiling point.
Txtbk p34

19. Can it be separated by physical means?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be separated by physical means?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be decomposed by chemical means? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compounds
Elements

20. Heterogeneous Mixture
Another way to think about it
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Contains 2 or more types of matter
Contains only one type of matter
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Contains 2 or more different kinds of atoms
Contains only one kind of atom
Has a uniform appearance
Does not look the
same throughout
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compounds
Elements

22. Words to know and use Mixture Pure substance Element/Atom
Compound/Molecule
Homogeneous (solution)
Heterogeneous (mixture)
Allotrope
Alloy
Filtration
Distillation

23. Properties of Matter (How we describe matter)
Physical
Can be determined without ______ the nature of the substance.
Examples:
Density, hardness, color
Chemical
Describes a substance’s ______ to participate in a chemical reaction.
Ability to change
Reactivity, Stability, Flammability
Reactivity with oxygen, decomposes with light

24. Types of Physical Properties
Extensive- depends on the _____ of matter
Ex: volume, mass, size
Intensive- _____ _____ depend on the amount
Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct

25. Does the substance need to be changed to observe the property
Properties Flowchart
Properties
yes no
Does the substance need to be changed to observe the property
Chemical
Physical
Does the property change when the amount changes? no
yes
extensive
intensive

26. Changes of Matter Physical Change
Identity (or chemical makeup) of a substance does not change, however the ________, ______ and ______ of particles may change.
Examples:
Crushing
Ripping
Bending
Phase changes

27. Phase Changes
Gas
Liquid
Solid

28. Phase Changes
Gas
Liquid
Solid

29. Changes of Matter Chemical Change
Identities of substances changes and ____ substances form.
Examples:
______

30. 5 Indicators of a Chemical Change:
Evolution of a gas
Odor change
Production of heat/light
Color change
Formation of a precipitate

32. Reactions A reaction has Reactant (left side) Product (right side)
What ________ in the reaction
Product (right side)
What is ______
Example of a chemical:
Burning Dollar
CH3OH + O2  CO2 + H2O
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
Almost true