THE CELL

All living things are made Cells are the basic structural CELL THEORY All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living things. All cells come from other cells.

BASIC STRUCTURES IN PLANT CELL STRUCTURES BASIC STRUCTURES IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE CELL WALL NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM

CELL STRUCTURES Eukaryote --- cells that have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus Prokaryote --- cells that DO NOT have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus; primitive

CELL MEMBRANE CONTROLS ____________________ THE CELL What goes into and out of Lipids (fats) MADE OF TWO LAYERS OF _______________ Protein __________________ MOLECULES STUCK INTO LIPID LAYERS Carbohydrates _________________________(SUGAR) ID TAGS ON OUTSIDE LAYER OF MEMBRANE

PROTEIN LIPID

_______________ OF THE CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL ONLY IN _________, SOME ________ AND ________________ CELLS Plant cells Bacteria Fungus _______________ OF THE CELL MEMBRANE Outside Supports Protects _________________ AND __________________ CELL BUT STILL LET SUBSTANCES PASS THROUGH

CELL WALL

NUCLEUS SURROUNDED BY ______________________ Nuclear envelope SURROUNDED BY ______________________ MAY CONTAIN DARK STRUCTURES OF RNA AND PROTEIN CALLED ___________________ WHERE RIBOSOMES ARE MADE nucleolus

NUCLEUS CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES INFORMATION CENTER OF CELL .. CONTAINS A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE CALLED ____________ Chromatin DNA FOUND IN LONG STRANDS CALLED ______________________ Chromosomes CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES _________________________________________ By using DNA code to send instructions out into the cell

NUCLEUS

CONTAINS STRUCTURES CALLED ______________________THAT DO DIFFERENT CYTOPLASM GEL MATERIAL THAT ____________________ BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANE AND THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE Fills the space CONTAINS STRUCTURES CALLED ______________________THAT DO DIFFERENT THINGS FOR THE CELL organelles

CYTOPLASM

ANY STRUCTURE IN A CELL THAT HAS ORGANELLE ANY STRUCTURE IN A CELL THAT HAS A SPECIFIC JOB MITOCHONDRIA RIBOSOME CHLOROPLAST GOLGI APPARATUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM LYSOSOME PLASTID VACUOLE CYTOSKELETON

Place where ___________ are made in the cell RIBOSOME Made of _______________________ chemicals RNA and protein Place where ___________ are made in the cell proteins Smallest organelles found in the cell Some attached to membranes and some are free-floating

PROTEIN BEING MADE RIBOSOME

MITOCHONDRIA Turn ______________ into chemical energy through process of cellular respiration Food energy Contain own DNA for controlling function

CHLOROPLAST Use __________________ to turn carbon dioxide and water in sugars through process of photosynthesis Energy from the sun Found in plants, algae and some bacteria Contain own DNA for controlling function

MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLAST

MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLAST

Review Questions: (please answer on separate paper to turn in) What does it mean when the cell theory says that cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living things? What is the function of the nucleus in a cell? How does the nucleus perform its function in the cell? What is the cytoplasm in a cell? What is an organelle?

Review Questions: What is the function of the ribosomes in cells? What is the function of the mitochondria? What is the function of the chloroplast? What are two ways that a cell wall is different from a cell membrane?

Review Questions: What is the function of the cell membrane? What three types of organisms have a cell wall? What is the function of a cell wall?

Review Questions: Analogy Statements The ribosome is like a ___________ since they both build big things out of smaller pieces. The mitochondria is like a _____________ since they both burn fuel for energy. The chloroplast is like a _____________ since they both absorb sunlight and use it to make energy.