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Building Blocks of Life

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Presentation on theme: "Building Blocks of Life"— Presentation transcript:

1 Building Blocks of Life
CELLS Building Blocks of Life Martin2011

2 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells Very simple
Few internal structures DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus NO membrane-bound organelles Martin2011

3 Examples of Prokaryotic Cells
Photos: Daniel Kunkel Martin2011

4 Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Very complex
Many internal structures DNA is enclosed in a nucleus Many membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies Martin2011

5 Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Martin2011

6 Cell Membrane Cell membrane:
The protective layer around all cells. The cell membrane controls what goes in and what goes out of cells. The Fence Martin2011

7 Cell Wall Cell Wall: Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Cell walls protect and support. The Brick Wall Martin2011

8 Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: The gel-like material inside cells. This is where many of the chemical reactions take place The Filler Martin2011

9 The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton:
Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape. Some organisms move by stretching and contracting the cytoskeleton. The Bones Martin2011

10 The Nucleus Nucleus: Directs all the activities of the cell. The DNA in the nucleus contains the instructions for everything the cell does. The nucleus is surrounded by its own membrane. The Brain, The Skull Martin2011

11 The Mitochondria Mitochondria:
Break down food (sugars) into carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases the stored energy in the food, The Furnace The Powerhouse Martin2011

12 Mitochondria at Work Martin2011

13 The Chloroplasts Chloroplasts:
Use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food). Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. The Sugar Factory Martin2011

14 Chloroplasts at Work Martin2011

15 The Endoplasmic Reticulum
One long membrane that connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. It has many folds. Proteins and other chemicals move along this membrane. The Highway System Martin2011

16 The ER at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm
Martin2011

17 The Ribosomes Ribosomes:
Made in the nucleolus, these organelles move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. They have no membranes that surround them. They make proteins. The Protein Factory Martin2011

18 The Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies:
These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and outside the cell. The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver Martin2011

19 Golgi Bodies at Work Martin2011

20 The Lysosomes Lysosomes:
These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that break down food particles, waste products, and damaged cell parts for recycling. These are much more important in animal cells. The Recycling Center Martin2011

21 The Vacuoles Vacuoles:
These temporarily store water, food, and waste materials. These are very large and very important in plant cells. They also provide support. The Closet Martin2011

22 References http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction.html
Martin2011

23 Gallery of Cells Martin2011


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