Wastes from Oil & Gas Extraction Activities - All wastes prohibited by comprehensive ordinances passed by 49 CT towns & cities & 5 NY County Legislatures. - The CCM recommended ordinance & current state moratorium prohibit only what is circled & maybe ?’d in red. Conventional Oil & Gas Wells Drilling Process Acidizing Process or Hydraulic Fracturing Process Production & Dehydration Process Storage Process Disposal Process Drill vertically only Force in air, chemicals Inject toxic fluids at very high Crude oil & gas & brine flows out of wells Natural gas stored under Leachate or liquids drained w/ drilling muds. & acids to dissolve rock. pressure to fracture/shatter. for years. Brine waste is separated out. ground & in LPG wells. from solid wastes or landfills. ? Drilling muds-includes chemicals When pressure is released you get “flowback”, a combo Brine is produced during the entire lifetime Brine “falls out” Leachate carries chemicals & Drill cuttings-earth, rock & naturally of fluids/earth waste that’s mixed & flows back to surface. of the well. It is 400M year old seawater trapped during storage. toxins dumped in the landfill, & can occurring toxins buried in the ground. Fracturing fluids-includes many hazardous chemicals in layers of rock along with crude oil & gas. It is include radioactive decay progeny Brine trapped in rock Frac Sand-fine silica used to hold fractures open contaminated with radioactive radium & other from radium left “cooking” in the Sludges-silt & liquids Brine trapped in rock & shattered rock w/ toxic deposits toxins buried in the ground. It can also mix with landfill. Leachate-toxic liquids drained out Drill cuttings & silt left behind from drilling & additional toxic chemicals that didn’t flowback previously. fractured/shattered earth materials & toxins. Both drill cuttings and flowback can contain hazardous chemicals and many naturally-occurring but hazardous toxins buried in the ground including radium, lead, arsenic, other toxins & heavy metals that are naturally occurring. Brine has high levels of chlorides & contains residual chemicals & naturally-occurring toxins adsorbed into the brine, due to radioactive & heavy metal deposits & other toxins buried for 100Ms of years, radium, lead are common. Unconventional Oil & Gas Wells Drilling Process High Volume Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing Process Production & Dehydration Process Storage Process Disposal Process Drill vertically & horizontally Inject millions of gallons of toxic fluids at very Crude oil & gas & brine flows out of wells Natural gas stored under Leachate or liquids drained average 4 miles w/ drill muds. high pressure to shatter and fracture rock. for years. Brine waste is separated out. ground & in LPG wells. from solid wastes or landfills ?