Category Four: Science/Technology/Economics

Tariff: a tax on foreign goods (imports) This put an increase on the price of foreign goods. Imports are goods coming into the United States. Exports are goods going out of the United States. Main Goal: to protect American factories! North wanted the tariffs to be high, South wanted the tariffs to be low or none at all!

The economy of the North was based on industry or factories (manufacturing)

Economy of the South was based on Cotton and $lavery!

Just a reminder: during the Colonial days (13 Colonies)… Just a reminder: during the Colonial days (13 Colonies)…..most slaves were found on Tobacco Plantations!

But in the 1800’s (after the invention of the Cotton Gin)…… But in the 1800’s (after the invention of the Cotton Gin)……..most slaves were found on Cotton Plantations!

The sudden growth of factories in the early 1800’s in the U. S The sudden growth of factories in the early 1800’s in the U.S. was called the Industrial Revolution! Most were located on rivers, where they used water as a source of power!

Many early factories were textile mills: which processed cotton and wool!

Many early factories employed young children!

The factories at Lowell, Mass The factories at Lowell, Mass. Hired many young women (Lowell Mill Girls)

Late 1840’s: many factories hired immigrants from Ireland who came over because of the Potato Famine!

When large numbers of people moved from the rural areas (farms) to the urban areas (cities) to get factory jobs and the cities grew: it was called Urbanization!

Major factors that helped lead to the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. 1.) Rivers to run machines 2.) People in the North had money! 3.) Shortage of goods during the War of 1812 led the U.S. growth of factories to replace foreign goods!

Two important economic policies: 1.) Laissez Faire – Jefferson’s policy - The Government should not control people’s lives or the economy! 2.) Free Enterprise – When private businesses are allowed to operate without government control! (encourages competition)

Science and Technology (new inventions) Eli Whitney – came up with the concept of interchangeable parts! This also led to Assembly lines!

Eli Whitney: also invented the Cotton Gin (which led to an increase in both Cotton Production & Slavery!)

Two important farming inventions: Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical Reaper John Deere – the Steel Plow

Important Transportation Inventions: Steamboat by Robert Fulton (the Clermont)….made it more efficient!

Railroads by Land! Clipper Ships by Sea!

Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph! Communication: Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph! What is the code called that is used with the telegraph? Morse Code, of course!!!