War of 1812 Events leading to war Jefferson was very popular & won second term in 1804 War between Britain and France Blockade – block trade – prevent ships from entering ports Issues with Great Britain Impressments = practice of seizing Americans at sea & drafting them into the British navy Chesapeake Incident (June 1807) – British open fired on the Chesapeake because the captain would not led British on board Embargo Act of 1807– Jefferson’s response; banning exports to Britain and France in order to avoid war Hurts northern businessmen France later agreed to U.S. terms while Britain continued to violate freedom of seas

War Hawks and Native Americans William Henry Harrison persuaded many natives to sign away their lands Tecumseh’s Confederacy – protect & stop white settlers from intruding on their lands; failed to recruit other tribes Battle of Tippecanoe – turning point in fighting with natives; victory for Harrison War Hawks – support war with Britain; John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay Reason: Native Americans receiving guns from Great Britain

New President, New War James Madison won Presidency in 1808 By Spring, decided to declare war = “Mr. Madison’s War” Believed Britain was stopping trade, crippling the economy Causes of War of 1812 Violations of freedom of Seas Impressments Chesapeake incident blockades Native relations War Hawks

Protests in New England Mixed results American military unprepared for war Different native groups sided with U.S. or G.B. Next year went better; Tecumseh was killed, natives stopped fighting By end of 1813, British navy stopped US navy via a blockade Aug. 1814, low point– White House burned Battle at Fort McHenry (Sept 1814) – saved Baltimore and Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner” Protests in New England Hartford Convention (1814) – New England Federalists opposed to the war discussed possible secession = to leave the union; wanted to increase political power

Video Ending the War of 1812 Era of Good Feelings Treaty of Ghent, 1815 – declared armistice = cease fire Andrew Jackson – General in TN, gathered troops to protect New Orleans (after treaty – delayed news) Successfully kept the British out, w/o help of foreign power Video Era of Good Feelings Period of increased Nationalism – focus on the nation as a whole, increased patriotism Federalist party lost power – no longer a major force in U.S. politics because of opposition to war Increased strength of U.S. industry and businesses U.S. became less dependent on European markets