1.
6.4
The War of 1812
War breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
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2. I. The War Hawks Demand War4
SECTION
I. The War Hawks Demand War
A. British and French Rivalries
-Thomas Jefferson won reelection in 1804
British blockade or seal French ports to prevent ships from entering
Britain, France seize American ships, confiscate cargoes
B. Grievances Against Britain
• Impressment —seizing Americans, drafting them into British navy
• Chesapeake incident further angers Americans
-British opened fire, killing 3, wounding 18
• Jefferson convinces Congress to declare embargo, or ban on exports (Embargo Act 1807)
• Embargo, meant to hurt Europe, also hurts U.S.
Continued . . .
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3. C. Tecumseh’s Confederacy 4
SECTION
C. Tecumseh’s Confederacy
• Native American chiefs-sign away 3 million acres to U.S. government
• Tecumseh tries to form N-Am confederacy:
- tells people to return to traditional beliefs, practices
D. The War Hawks
• want war with Britain because natives use British arms
-young congressmen from South and West
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4. II. The War Brings Mixed Results A. The War in Canada4
SECTION
II. The War Brings Mixed
Results
A. The War in Canada
Madison chooses war, thinks Britain
is crippling U.S. trade, economy
U.S. army unprepared; early British
victories
N-Ams fight on both sides; Tecumseh
killed in battle
B. The War at Sea
U.S. navy only 16 ships
British blockade U.S. ports along east coast
-most American ships bottled up in port
Continued . . .
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5. C. British Burn the White House 4
SECTION
C. British Burn the White House
British burn Washington D.C. in retaliation
-federal officials flee the capital
D. The Battle of New Orleans
• General Andrew Jackson fights N-Ams,
gains national fame
• In 1815, defeats superior British force
at Battle of New Orleans
-Jackson’s greatest victory
-war was over when battle took place
Continued . . .
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6. E. The Treaty of Ghent http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMXqg2PKJZU 4
SECTION
E. The Treaty of Ghent
• Peace agreement signed December 1814
• Declares armistice or end to fighting; does
not resolve all issues
• 1815, commercial treaty reopens trade
between Britain and U.S.
• 1817, agreement limits war ships on Great
Lakes
• 1818, northern boundary of Louisiana
Territory set at 49th parallel
• Agree to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10 years
• Americans were unable to resolve issues differences that began to divide the nation
The Treaty of Ghent was a document which
officially ended the war. It was signed by both
the British and the Americans in Ghent, Belgium
on December 24, 1814.
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