The Muslim Empires: Ottomans, Safavids & Mughals Pages 482-500 Mr. Epps World History SSWH12 Chapter 15

Ottoman Empire Controlled Bosporus and Dardanelles straits Access to/from Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, Asia to Europe Empire stretched into Europe, Africa and Asia Bosporus Strait Dardanelles Strait Page 484

Elite soldiers, administrators Ottoman janissary: Elite soldiers, administrators Pages 484-485

Ottoman History Ottomans captured Byzantine capital Constantinople in 1454 and named it Istanbul Gained land in Europe, Africa, and Middle East; defeated by Austria multiple times in 16th century Pages 485, 489

Ottoman History Sultan Suleyman I “the Magnificent” ruled Ottomans at highest point of power (1520-66); rule was hereditary Ottomans were Sunni Muslims but practiced religious freedom Page 489 Suleyman I is considered the greatest Ottoman sultan in the 16th century.

Ottoman Art/Culture Merchants are most privileged class and women can own property/power Architecture Gunpowder Page 488

The Safavid Empire (early 16th to early 18th) Pages 492-497 capital

The Safavid’s 1. Safavid Empire based upon Shia Islam, unlike the Ottomans who were Sunni Muslim. 2. Shah Abbas ruled at the height of power (1588-1629) in capital, Esfahan. 3. In constant conflict with the Ottomans over a area called Azerbaijan.

The Safavid’s 4. They collapsed in early 18th century due to anarchy. 5. Engaged in same trade as Ottomans. Now modern-day Iran.

Mughal Dynasty (1530-1707) Pages 498-504 Taj Mahal

Mughal Empire Founder of Mughals was Babur. He captured Delhi to set up empire in 1530s. Babur’s grandson was Akbar, only 14 when he took the throne. Known as the “philosopher king”. Page 498

Mughal Empire Artillery (cannons) & diplomacy aided Akbar in gaining control of almost all of India. Although Muslim, Akbar accepted multiple religions, including Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam; this is called religious tolerance.

Mughal Society Central government was bureaucratic, which means they had a system of rank. Taxes were taken from farmers, 1/3 of annual salary went to the state. This was dependent on good weather. Trade items were tropical food, spices, & precious stones in exchange for gold/silver. Mostly traveled by land NOT sea.

Mughal Society Hindu custom of “suttee” was abolished by Akbar’s successors. (Wife’s immolation after the husband’s death) Indian rule ended with rebellions and the sack of Delhi in 1739 by the Persians. Page 501 Suttee is the wife’s immolation after the husband’s death.

Culture Women had a political & social place within Mughal society. Problems did occur in relation to Hindu practices. Women still had to obey Hindu customs if the family tolerated Hindu religion. Merchant class was important. Established a state workshop for artists who worked under Persian masters to create the Mogul school of painting, “Akbar style”.

The Decline of the Mughals… British and French forts struggled for ultimate power in Mughal India. British gained power through British East India Company. Cotton & spices were exported from India.

The Decline of the Mughals… Sir Robert Clive led British to colonize India. British forces led to the collapse of the Mughal Empire in the early 18th century.