Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Glencoe Biology Chapter 8

The Need for Energy ALL organisms require energy to live, grow, reproduce ALL organisms break down food into energy

Energy is stored in the ATP molecule ATP: adenosine triphosphate + ENERGY High-energy bond: Stores much energy *This energy is released when the bond is broken*

Cell Respiration

Cellular Respiration Mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP

Structure of a Mitochondria Outer membrane Inner membrane

Aerobic Respiration has 3 Steps

Step 1: Glycolysis Glyco = sugar, Lysis = to break “splitting sugar” Glucose gets split in half Turns into Pyruvate Creates ATP and electron carriers

Step 2: Krebs Cycle Glucose gets broken down into CO2 Makes some ATP and electron carriers

Step 3: The Electron Transport Chain Electron carriers bring electrons to the ETC Electrons generate A LOT OF ATP (14 TIMES more than the other two steps)

Summary Charts

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast Structure Outer membrane Thylakoid membrane Thylakoid space

Why are plants green? Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophyll Chlorophyll: green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy Only the green parts of plants photosynthesize

Photosynthesis has 2 steps

Step 1: The Light Reactions Chlorophyll traps sunlight Electron carriers are made Oxygen released A small amount of ATP made

Step 2: The Dark Reactions ATP and electrons from light reactions used Takes in CO2 Makes SUGAR

Summary Charts