Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter

SUBSTANCE Matter with a uniform and definite composition Examples: Elements, Compounds Nonexamples: anything where there is more of something in a certain area (soil, oil and vinegar, etc.)

PHYSICAL PROPERTY A quality or condition that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. Examples: state, color, melting/boiling point, etc.

PHYSICAL CHANGE Reversible or Irreversible Boil, freeze, melt, condense (ALL PHASE CHANGES) Break, split, grind, cut, and crush, etc.

SOLIDS vs. LIQUIDS vs. GASES STATE Easy to Compress? Flows? Definite Volume? Definite Shape? SOLID LIQUID GAS MOVEMENT? Click

Vapor A gas that is usually a solid or liquid at room temperature We say “water VAPOR” because water is usually a liquid at room temperature

Chapter 2 2.2 Mixtures

MIXTURE DEF. Physical blend of two or more components HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

Heterogeneous “Hetero” means different Composition is NOT uniform throughout Two or more phases Examples: Oil and vinegar, pepperoni pizza, salad, chicken noodle soup, etc.

Homogeneous “Homo” means same Composition IS uniform throughout One phase Examples: Kool Aid, Vinegar and water, stainless steel,food coloring in water, etc. (most are liquids)

You Try…

2.3 Elements and Compounds Chapter 2 2.3 Elements and Compounds

Elements Vs. Compounds Element: Simplest form of matter Example: C, Al, Mg, Au, Na, etc. Compound: More than one element chemically combined in a fixed proportion Example: NaCl, H2O, K3N Elements = symbol, Compound = Formula

**Compounds can be broken down chemically, elements can’t. Elements can not be broken down Compounds have different chemical properties than their component elements

Chemical Change There is a new chemical composition after the change Test composition before and after the change to determine if a chemical change has occurred!!!!

Chapter 2 2.4 Chemical Reactions

Chemical Property The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change ****Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, and corrode

Chemical Change Composition of matter ALWAYS changes Test composition before and after the change to determine if a chemical change has occurred!!!!

Important Terms Reactant: Present before reaction Product: Produced in a reaction

Clues Transfer of Energy Change in Color Production of Gas Formation of Precipitate

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants In physical AND chemical changes