The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures Brother vs. Brother

Election of 1860 Republicans - Abraham Lincoln Southern Democrats – John Breckinbridge Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Constitutional Union – John Bell

1860 Election Results

South Carolina Secession 1st to secede (withdraw from the Union, split from the nation) – December 20, 1860

Over the next 6 weeks more states secede:

Lincoln’s Inauguration March 4, 1861

By June 1861, 11 states had seceded

North vs. South in 1861 North South Advantages ? Disadvantages

Rating the North & the South

Resources: North & the South

Railroad Lines, 1860

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Ohio Military Service

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Overview of Northern Advantages Larger population North 22 million South Only 9 million More ships Larger, more efficient railroad system - 70% of nation’s railroads Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated More industry - 81% of nation’s factories Better banking system to raise $ for the war 75% of nation’s wealth

Overview of Northern Advantages Wealth produced: Factory production Textile goods produced Iron production Coal production Farm acreage Draft animals Livestock Wheat production Corn production

Overview of Northern Disadvantages Fought on Southern lands Divided support for the war Many believed the South had good chance of winning

Overview of Southern Advantages Fighting a defensive war Local support of all men familiarity with terrain Motivation: seeking independence, unified support Short communication lines/ friendly population Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France Slave Labor in the early part of the war

Overview of Southern Disadvantages Smaller population Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies Poor transportation system Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis West Point, Sectary of War, U.S. Senator VP Alexander Stevens

MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator” The Confederate “White House” The Confederate Seal - MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Northern Leaders V.P. Hannibal Hamlin Pres. Abraham Lincoln (16th pres.)

George McClellan, Again! Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan, Again!

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The “Anaconda” Plan * North’s Strategy *Capture Richmond and force surrender *Expel Confederates from border states *Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: -soldiers -Weapons -Ammunition -Clothes -Food -other supplies needed *Blockade southern ports to stop -cotton shipments -supplies from foreign nations

Southern Strategy – “Hold the Line!” Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life Defend its homeland Make war last as long as possible – force the Union to give up Capture Washington, D.C. Control border states Try to get France and England to help by refusing to send cotton (doesn’t work) Expel Union troops from South

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate forces asked for its surrender. Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later (Confederates won). The Civil War began.

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861 First major battle Near Washington D.C. Confederate victory Stuns North (thought they’d win in a few weeks)

The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

The Emancipation Proclamation 1863

Emancipation in 1863

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

Inflation in the South

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

Presidential Election Results: 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin The Assassination John Wilkes Booth