WWI Affects the World 753-757 OLD TEXTBOOK

Feb. 1915 Gallipoli campaign begins What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? The Allies wanted to gain control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straights in order to open supply lines to Russia The campaign became another bloody stalemate

Jan. 1917 German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare Germany believed US was supplying Britain with war supplies Set up a naval blockade to isolate Britain Announced it would sink any ship in British waters w/o notice

Feb. 1917 British intercept the Zimmerman Note Why did the US enter the war? Upset at German sinking of neutral ships carrying US passengers (i.e. The Lusitania) Interception of the Zimmerman Note Closer cultural and economic ties to Britain and France than Germany or A-H Reports of German war atrocities (propaganda)

On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement. . . .

You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. ~Zimmermann

Civilian Life WWI was fought at home as well as on the battlefield A war fought this way is called total war In total war, all of a nation’s resources go into the war effort Women filled jobs that soldiers left behind

Examples of Total War… Gov’t drafts men to fight in the war Gov’t raises taxes and borrows $$ to pay for the war Gov’t rations, or limits, the supply of goods at home to supply the military Gov’t uses the press to print propaganda The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause

Why did the Czar’s government collapse? War-related shortages of food and fuel put Russia’s government on the brink of collapse Czar Nicholas II abdicated on 3/15/1917 In his place a provisional (temporary) government was set up that continued Russian involvement in the war

Nov. 1917 Lenin seizes power in Russia Due to Russia’s continued involvement in the war, another revolution occurred in Nov. 1917 Led by the Communists and Vladimir Lenin who seized power Lenin’s first act was to withdraw Russian troops from the war

March 1918 Germany and Russia sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk What were the terms of this treaty? Ended war between Russian and Germany Required Russia to surrender land to Germany Finland, Poland, Latvia, etc. Treaty became invalid after the war and these countries gained independence

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July 1918 Allies and Germans fight Second Battle of the Marne What was significance of this battle? Major turning point that slowly pushes Germany out of France Fresh US troops were key to Allied victory

Nov. 11, 1918 WWI ends What event signaled the final defeat of the Central Powers? German Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced to step down due to mutiny of soldiers and shifting public opinion Germany declares itself a republic New German gov. signs an armistice with the Allies to stop fighting (11/11/1918)

“On the eleventh day of the eleventh month at the eleventh hour…”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties