Ch. 9 : GAS exchange 1. The skin is the major site of gas exchange in

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 9 : GAS exchange 1. The skin is the major site of gas exchange in flatworms jellies sponges 1. The gills are the major site of gas exchange in - fish 1. The tracheal systems are the major site of gas exchange in - arthropods 1. The lungs are the major site of gas exchange in tetrapods that live on land mammals reptiles birds 2. The major site of gas exchange in is skin 2.The major site of gas exchange in are gills 2. the major site of gas exchange in are tracheal systems مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

2. the major site of gas exchange in are lungs tetrapods that live on land mammals reptiles birds 3. Gills absorb oxygen release carbon dioxide increase the surface to volume ratio increase the surface area for gas exchange are extensions of the body 4. Nonbird reptiles use as the respiratory surface - [simple] lungs 4. Amphibians use as the respiratory surface small lungs their body surfaces 4. Birds and mammals use as the respiratory surface - more complex lungs 5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from nasal cavity to the - pharynx 5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from pharynx to the - larynx مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from larynx to the - trachea 5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from trachea to the - bronchi 5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from bronchi to the - bronchioles 5. In the human respiratory system, air passes from bronchioles to the - alveoli nasal cavity > pharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli The actual site of gas exchange in human is - alveolai = alveoli .سب يلعافتلا عقوملاب يعبطم أطخ ءيشلا سفن Alveoli are the actual sites of gas exchange surrounded by capillaries having huge surface area (100m2 in humans) the site where O2 diffuses [into] the blood the site where CO2 diffuses [out] of the blood مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

8. Inhalation occurs when the rib cage expands the diaphragm moves downward the volume of the chest cavity increases, lowering the air pressure around lungs air rushes into lungs to equalize the pressure difference 8. Exhalation occurs when the rib cage contracts the diaphragm moves upward the pressure around the lungs increases air is forced out of the respiratory tract 9. Smoking can cause heart disease raises blood pressure can cause emphysema can cause lung cancer can damage mucus and cilia in the respiratory passages increases the harmful types of cholesterol increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes 10. In the lungs, blood picks up O2 drops off CO2 10. In the body tissues, blood drops off O2 picks up CO2 مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

11. During the transport of gases between alveoli and blood gases in the alveoli have more O2 and less CO2 than gases the blood O2 moves from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood CO2 moves from the blood into the alveoli of the lungs 11. During the transport of gases between blood and tissues the tissues have more CO2 and less O2 than in the blood O2 moves from the blood into the tissues CO2 moves from the tissues into the blood 12. Iron- containing pigment (hemoglobin) is found in many invertebrates is found in almost all vertebrates buffers blood transports oxygen 12. Copper- containing pigment (hemocyanin) is found in Mollusca is found in Arthropods 13. Blood vessels transport blood throughout the entire body are networks of hollow tubes 13. Heart - pumps blood through body مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

14. In the four-chambered hearts there are [two] atria and [two] ventricles the left side of the heart pumps blood from lungs to body the right side of the heart pumps blood from body to lungs oxygen rich blood is completely separated from oxygen poor blood 15. Capillaries composed of a single layer of epithelial cells are narrow, blood cells flows in a single file increases surface area for gas and fluid exchange exchange gas and other transfers in the capillary beds 15. Arteries have thicker walls are under more pressure 15. Veins force blood back to right heart atrium have one-way valves that restrict backward flow 16. The cardiac output - is the amount of blood/minute pumped into systemic circuit 16. The heart rate - defined as the number of beats/minute 16. The heart valves - prevent the backflow of blood مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

16. The heart murmur - is a defect in one or more heart valves 17. The pacemaker (SA node) sets the rate of heart contractions generates electrical signals in atria 17. The AV node - relays electrical signals to the ventricles 18. A heart attack is defined as - the damage to cardiac muscle typically from a blocked coronary artery 18. The stroke - is the death of brain tissue from blocked arteries in the head 18. Atherosclerosis is the development of plaques inside walls of blood vessels narrow the blood vessels reduced the blood flow 18. The blood pressure is defined as the force blood exerts on vessel walls Depends on cardiac output and resistance of vessels Highest in arteries and lowest in veins is measured as systolic and diastolic pressure 19. Plasma contains fibrinogen, which convert into fibrin that help - in blood clotting مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ

20. The platelets are small fragments of cells promote clotting 20. The white blood cells (leukocytes) function inside and outside the circulatory system fight cancer fight infections 20. The red blood cells (erythrocytes) - transport O2 bound to hemoglobin 21. Some athletes artificially increase their red blood cell production by injecting - erythropoietin مكتاوعد | يرميمشلا ديلو زيزعلادبع :دادعإ