1. Circulatory Lymphatic & Respiratory
Body Systems
Circulatory
Lymphatic &
Respiratory
We know that multicellular organisms are made up of many different cell types
- the animal body is divided into levels of organizaion called “hierarchy”

2. Hierarchy of structure in Animals
Cells are the basic unit of life.
A collection of many types specialized cells form tissue (epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve)
organs are composed of different tissues working together to perform a function
- one or more organs and structures that work together to perform a major vital body function create a organ system
All of these organ systems create an organism

3. The Human Body The human body is composed of many systems
Circulatory - Immune
Respiratory - Digestive
Muscular - Nervous
Skeletal - Reproductive
Lymphatic - Endocrine
Excretory

4. Function of The Circulatory System
Moves oxygen from the lungs to all the body cells
Moves carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs
Moves nutrients from the small intestine to the body cells
Moves waste materials from the body cells to the kidneys and skin

5. Main Parts of the Circulatory System
Heart – the pump
Blood – fluid in
which materials
are transported
Vessels – Tubes to
carry the blood

6. The Heart
Composed of cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue and connective tissue
Frequency of heart beat depends on your physical activity level and other factors (stress, general health, etc)
Did you know…
Your circulatory system is about 60,000 miles long
Your heart beats more than 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime
the human heart creates enough pressure when it pumps out to the body to squirt blood 30 feet.
Cardiac muscle; unlike other muscle tissue in the body contracts all at the same time. This allows the blood to be pumped out at regulated rate

8. The Blood
Blood is a type of connective tissue that circulates through your body, it consists of 4 components:
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
Plasma
Did you know…
- It takes about 20 seconds for a RBC to circulate the entire body
RBC: hemoglobin allowing them to transport oxygen throught the body about 50%
WBC: infection fighting cells 1% of volume
-platelets help in blood clotting less than 1%
Plasma protein rich liquid that carries the blood cells along (about 50%)

9. The Vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries
Arteries carry blood away. Because the heart generates a lot of pressure when pumping blood through the body the walls of the arteries are thicker than the other vessels
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
arteries and veins are linked together by capillaries
Capillaries is where the gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the lungs diffuses from the blood to the surrounding tissues and Co2 and other wastes pass from the body to the blood to be carried out for disposal
Arteries carry blood away. Because the heart generates a lot of pressure when pumping blood through the body the walls of the arteries are thicker than the other vessels
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
-arteries and veins are linked together by capillaries
Capillaries is where the gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the lungs diffuses from the blood to the surrounding tisuesa dn Co2 and other wastes pass from the body to the blood to be carried out for disposal

10. Circulatory System Things to label Arteries Veins Lungs Co2, o2 Heart
Capillaries o2 out co2 in

11. Path of Blood
blood is collected in the atria via veins
atria walls contract, blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles via opened atrio-ventricular
valves
semi-lunar valves are closed to prevent blood from flowing to arteries while the ventricle fills up with blood
ventricle walls contract, causing rise in blood pressure
high blood pressure cause atrio-ventricular valves to close to prevent back flow of blood to atria
high blood pressure also cause semi-lunar valves to open to allow blood to be pumped from ventricles to arteries
as blood leaves ventricles, pressure inside the ventricles drop and ventricles stop contracting
the semi-lunar valves close to prevent back flow of blood from arteries to ventricles

12. The Lymphatic System

13. Function of The Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system aids the immune system in destroying pathogens and filtering waste.
To remove excess fluid, waste, debris, dead blood cells, pathogens, cancer cells, and toxins from these cells and the tissue spaces between them. 
The lymphatic system also works with the circulatory system to deliver nutrients, oxygen, and hormones from the blood to the cells that make up the tissues of the body.   

14. Lymphatic System and Circulatory System Working Together
Lymph originates as plasma (fluid portion of blood)
Some of this plasma leaves blood stream and flows into the surrounding tissues (called interstitial fluid).
Interstitial fluid delivers nutrients to the cells and takes up cell waste
90 percent of this tissue fluid flows back through the circulatory system, 10 percent of the fluid is left behind and is now known as lymph
Lymphatic system is designed so lymph only flows upwards (from the extremities), where it is filtered through lymph nodes on its way towards the neck where it re-enters the bloodstream
There are between lymph nodes present in the average human body. It is the role of these nodes to filter the lymph before it can be returned to the circulatory system. Although these nodes can increase or decrease in size throughout life, any nodes that has been damaged or destroyed, does not regenerate.

15. Respiratory System Label”: nasal cavity Mouth pharynx trachea Bronchus
lung
bronchioles

16. Main Parts of the Respiratory System
Trachea
Tube that takes air from the back of the throat down to the lungs
Bronchi (sing. bronchus)
As the trachea approaches the lungs it splits into two bronchi, one bronchus leads to each lung
Alveoli (sing. alveolus)
Tiny air sac surrounded by blood vessels
Lungs contain millions of these
Where gas exchange occurs

17. Gas Exchange
O2 and CO2 have only to diffuse through 2 thin walls: capillaries and alveoli
O2 that we breathe in diffuses from the alveoli into the blood stream and CO2 leaves the blood stream through the alveoli and the air we breathe out
Talk about concentration gradient.
Diffusion from area of high concentration to low concentration

18. Gas Exchange Alveoli are tiny sacs that fill with air to
allow diffusion of gas
Many (millions of) alveoli provide a large
total surface area for greater absorption
A thin, single layer of flattened cells are on the wall of each alveolus to decrease the distance that gases need to diffuse across
A dense network of capillaries (tiny blood vessels) surrounding the alveolus to remove CO2 from brought into from rest of body and to transport O2 to rest of the body
Hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells, pick up O2 from the alveoli to transport to the rest of the body

19. Breathing
Involves the diaphragm (a large sheet of muscle underneath the lungs) and the muscles between the ribs.
Is an involuntary process that we can override while talking but only temporarily.
It is controlled by a part of the human brain that detects the concentration of CO2 in our blood

20. Air Pathway
air enters through the nostrils (air is filtered by nose hair) ↓
nasal cavity (air is warmed, humidified, and sampled for odors)
pharynx
larynx
trachea (aka windpipe) ↓
bronchi (there are 2, each leads to 1 lung)
bronchioles
alveoli (clusters of air sacs with very large surface area, surrounded by capillaries), oxygenated blood moves towards the heart, via the pulmonary vein and gets pumped into the left atrium

21. Class/Homework
What is the system that aids in the destruction of pathogens from the bloodstream?
What system does the lymphatic system work with to access the lymph nodes?
Do lymph nodes regenerate?
What occurs as you inhale?
What is the muscle that contracts and shortens upon breathing?
Explain how diffusion is involved in gas exchange.
What are the three main parts of the respiratory system and what is there function?
Questions (Nelson Text book)
Pg 87 #1,2,5-7
Pg 95 #1-4