1. Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

2. By the end of this lesson on circulation you should be able to:
Describe the structure of the circulatory system
Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries
Explain how nutrients and oxygen are carried to your body cells
Explain how wastes are removed from your body cells
Compare and contrast the three types of blood cells

3. What is it?
Pumps and transports blood through a series of vessels in your body

4. Main Functions:
Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells of your body
Removes wastes from the cells of your body
Works closely with what other system???

5. The Heart Composed almost entirely of muscle
Surround by a protective tissue called pericardium
Myocardium – largest, middle tissue layer responsible for contractions
Septum, or wall, divides the left and right heart separating the oxygen-rich & oxygen-poor blood
Four chambers
Contracts ~72/minute pumping ~70 ml each time

6. Heart Chambers
Atrium – thinner, upper chamber that receives the blood from the body or lungs
Ventricle – lower chamber that pumps the blood out to the body or lungs
blood flow

7. Blood Circulation in the Body
Pulmonary Circulation - pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Systemic Circulation - pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
What happens in the lungs?
CO2 waste leaves the blood and enters the lungs and O2 leaves the lungs and enters the blood vessels

8. Blood Circulation in the Heart
Flaps of connective tissue, called valves prevent blood backflow
The pacemaker, a group of cardiac muscle cells, sets the pace of the hearts contractions
pacemaker
Average Heart rate is bpm. What is your resting rate?

9. Blood Circulation throughout the body
Arteries - large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body tissues
Capillaries -small, thickness of one cell; delivery system to all body tissues
Veins - keeps blood moving back toward the heart; contain valves

10. What does blood pressure mean?
The force of blood on the walls of the arteries after the heart contracts
1st number - systolic pressure - force in the arteries when the ventricles contract
2nd number - diastolic pressure - force in the arteries when the ventricles relax
Healthy is ~ 120/80

11. Blood A connective tissue containing dissolved substances and cells
Collects oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the digestive tract and wastes from tissues
4-6 liters in body
55% plasma - water, dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes and proteins

12. RED BLOOD CELLS - erythrocytes
Most of blood cells
Contain the red colored hemoglobin - iron containing pigment that binds to O2
Disc shaped cells that do not have a nucleus when mature (live an average of 120 days)
Produced where???

13. WHITE BLOOD CELLS - leukocytes
Less common; without hemoglobin
Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
Contain nuclei & live longer
Made where???

14. Lymphocytes
White blood cells that produce antibodies to destroy pathogens

15. What were platelets?
Sticky cell fragments that form blood clots in areas where blood vessels are broken
Signals proteins called clotting factors to stop the bleeding

16. The Lymphatic System ★ ★
A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that collects fluid that leaks from the blood vessels
The nodes collect foreign microorganisms

17. By the end of this lesson on respiration you should be able to:
Identify the function of the respiratory system
Explain how the process of gas exchange is involved in breathing
Explain how the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and aveoli are involved in breathing
Explain how the respiratory system works with other systems in order to maintain homeostasis

18. What is respiration?
The process of gas exchange between the lungs and the environment
CO2 (cellular respiration) waste is removed from the body and O2 is taken up by the body in the tissues of the lungs
Why do our body cells need O2? Why hemoglobin?

19. Each breathe… How is breathing controlled??? Why mucus???
Air enters through the mouth or nose
Pharynx – passageway for air and food
Larynx – contains the vocal cords
Trachea – windpipe
Bronchi – 2 passageways leading to the lungs
Bronchioles – smaller divided passageways
Alveoli – tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs
How is breathing controlled???
Why mucus???
Respiration

20. Label and trace the path of air
Inhalation and Exhalation Clip

21. Why in the world would you ever choose to smoke?
GROSS ME OUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!