1. CHAPTER 22 and 23 Respiration and Circulation
Modules 22.1 – 22.4

2. There are 3 phases of gas exchange:
Respiration
Respiration controls the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide
There are 3 phases of gas exchange:
1. Breathing: oxygen enters the lungs and carbon dioxide is breathed out
2. Oxygen is transported throughout the body by the heart and the blood (and CO2 is removed)
3. Cells take up oxygen from the blood and send back CO2

3. In humans and other mammals, air enters through the nose
Lungs
In humans and other mammals, air enters through the nose
It passes through the pharynx and larynx into the trachea (windpipe)
The trachea forks to form two bronchi, one goes to each lung
Each bronchus branches into numerous bronchioles (smaller tubes) inside the lungs

4. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny sacs called alveoli
Alveoli form the respiratory surface of the lungs
Oxygen diffuses through the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood
Figure 22.6C
Oxygen-rich blood
Oxygen-poor blood
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Blood capillaries
Figure 22.6B

5. The human respiratory system
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
(Esophagus)
Left lung
Larynx
Trachea
Right lung
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Diaphragm
(Heart)
Figure 22.6A

6. Chapter 23: Circulation
The function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen throughout our body
It transports O2 and nutrients to cells
It takes away CO2 and other wastes

7. The Heart
The mammalian heart has two thin-walled atria that take in blood from the body
It also has thick-walled ventricles that pump blood to the body and lungs
In pictures, blue blood has NO oxygen, red blood has oxygen

8. Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT ATRIUM
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
Semilunar valve
Semilunar valve
Atrioventricular valve
Atrioventricular valve
Inferior vena cava
RIGHT VENTRICLE
LEFT VENTRICLE
Figure 23.4A

9. Arteries and Veins
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body
Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart and lungs to get oxygen

10. Blood Blood is made of: Plasma Red Blood Cells Platelets
White Blood Cells

11. Plasma
Plasma is mostly water and contains nutrients and minerals

12. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin
Hemoglobin enables the transport of O2
They are produced in the bone marrow
Figure 23.14

13. White blood cells fight infections and cancer
Basophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Figure 23.15

14. When a blood vessel is damaged or cut, platelets respond
They help trigger the formation of a clot that plugs the leak
Figure 23.16B

15. Agenda 4/18
Warm-Up
Notes
Physiology Vocabulary