1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Unit 9
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM

2. Opener
Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood contains…
A. An increased level of oxygen
B. A decreased amount of hemoglobin
C. A decreased number of red blood cells
D. An increased level of carbon dioxide

3. Question #1 When blood leaves the heart, where does it exit?
A. The aorta
B. The capillaries
C. The lungs
D. The pulmonary vein

4. Question #2
When a small blood vessel in your hand is cut open, which plays an active defensive role against possible disease?
A. Plasma
B. Platelets
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells

5. Circulatory System
Chapter 34.1

6. Circulatory System Transports blood Delivers – oxygen
Removes – carbon dioxide

7. Circulatory System
Blood
Heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatic system

8. Blood Vessels
A network of channels
Circulate blood
To and from heart

9. Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

10. Blood Vessels Arteries – strong thick-walled for oxygen rich
Capillaries – smallest branches exchange important one cell thick
Veins – largest oxygen poor

11. The Heart A muscular organ Hollow Pumps oxygen - rich blood to body
Oxygen-poor blood to lungs

12. Structure of the Heart Cardiac muscle Conducts electrical impulses
Four chambers

13. Heart

14. Heart Top right atrium and left atrium Below right and left ventricles
Thicker walls do all the work
Valves = blood flows one way

15. How the Heart Beats
The atria fill with blood, the atria contract, filling the ventricles with blood
The ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart and into the lungs

16. Pulse 70 times each minute
Expansion and relaxation of the artery wall caused by contraction of the left ventricle

17. Blood Pressure
A measure of how much pressure is exerted against the vessel walls by blood

18. Blood Flow in the Body

19. Blood Components Plasma Red Blood Cells Platelets White blood cells
Human body has 5-6 liters

20. Plasma 50% of blood is plasma Clear fluid Mostly water
Transports materials to and from

21. Red Blood Cells
Carry oxygen
Disc-shaped

22. Platelets
Cell fragments
Collect and stick
Release chemicals

23. White Blood Cells
Body’s disease fighters
Signal or fight

24. Circulatory System Disorders
Atherosclerosis – clogged arteries
Causes heart disease, stroke or heart attack

25. Unit 9
RESPIRATORY

26. Opener Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?
A. Releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissue
B. Signaling muscle tissues to contract
C. Producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle tissues
D. Increasing cellular respiration

27. Quiz
Draw and label a neuron.
What is a Reflex Arc Pathway?

28. Question #1 Which process causes the diaphragm to move back up?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Exhalation
C. Inspiration
D. Internal respiration

29. Question #2 Which process occurs inside the tissue cells in your legs?
A. Filtration
B. Breathing
C. External respiration
D. Internal respiration

30. Chapter 34
Circulatory
Respiratory
Excretory System

31. Respiratory System
Function – the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The atmosphere and the blood
The blood and the body’s cells

32. Importance of Respiration
Body’s cells require oxygen
Oxygen and glucose = make ATP molecules
ATP = cell metabolism

33. Respiration Sustain cellular respiration
Releases carbon dioxide and water

34. Respiratory System Function Supply oxygen to body cells
Remove carbon dioxide waste from cells

35. Respiratory System
Two processes

36. Respiratory System
Two processes
Breathing

37. Respiratory System
Two processes
Breathing
Respiration

38. Respiratory System Two processes
Breathing – Air enters the body. Mechanical movement of air in and out your body
Respiration

39. Respiratory System Two processes
Breathing – Air enters the body. Mechanical movement of air in and out your body
Respiration – Gases exchanged in the body

40. Respiratory System Two processes
Breathing – Air enters the body. Mechanical movement of air in and out your body
Respiration – Gases exchanged in the body. External respiration and internal respiration

41. External Respiration
Exchange of gases
Atmosphere and the blood
Lungs

42. Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases
Blood and body’s cells

43. Path of Air Nasal passages pharynx larynx epiglottis, trachea, lungs
bronchi
bronchioles
Alveoli
diaphragm

44. Path of Air Nasal passages pharynx larynx epiglottis, trachea, lungs
bronchi
bronchioles
Alveoli
diaphragm

45. Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Air travels to individual alveoli
Oxygen diffuses across
Moist thin walls
Capillaries
Red blood cells

46. Red Blood Cells
Oxygen transported
Released to tissue cells

47. Carbon Dioxide While Oxygen is moving one way
Carbon Dioxide moves the other

48. Breathing Brain directs the rate of breathing
When Carbon Dioxide (CO2) increases
Breathing rate increases

49. Breathing
Diaphragm contracts
Chest expands
Diaphragm down
Air in

50. Breathing Diaphragm contracts Chest expands Diaphragm down Air in
Exhalation
Diaphragm relaxes
Chest reduces
Air out

51. Excretory System
CHAPTER 34.3

52. Question #1 The kidneys play a major role in maintaining
A. The proper breathing rate
B. Homeostasis by removing urea, water and other wastes from the blood
C. The proper glucose levels in the blood
D. The concentration of digestive enzymes in the blood.

53. Question #2
Which human body system includes the lungs, liver, skin, and kidneys?
A. Respiratory
B. Transport
C. Excretory
D. digestive

54. Excretory System Removes waste Regulates the water and salt
Maintains pH

55. Excretory System
Lungs
Skin
Kidneys

56. Excretory System Lungs – carbon dioxide Skin – water and salt
Kidneys – major organ

57. Kidneys
Filter out waste, water and salt

58. Kidneys
Filter out waste, water and salt
Renal cortex
Renal medulla

59. Nephron Filtration Blood enters Glomerulus Blood stays
All the rest pushed through

60. Nephron Filtration Blood enters Glomerulus Blood stays
All the rest pushed through
Convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Reabsorption
Urine

61. Urine
Leaves the kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

62. Kidneys Filter 180L of blood a day 1% of body weight
Use 25% oxygen of the body

63. pH Adjusts the acid-base balance Low pH - H+ kidneys will excrete H+
High pH H Kidneys will absorb HCO3-

64. Summary Lungs, skin, kidneys
Remove wastes, carbon dioxide, water and salt
Both filtration and reabsorption are important
Maintains pH homeostasis