The New South

1868 - Ulysses S. Grant elected President Civil War hero Campaign ads - “Union’s Greatest General” 700,000 blacks voted almost 100% for Grant

Fifteenth Amendment - 1869 Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote based on skin color, in the North or South Ratified in 1870

Groups that dominate Southern politics Scalawags Southerners who support Republican Reconstruction plan

Groups that dominate Southern politics Carpetbagger Northerners who move to the South Fortune hunters / profiteers Like the Southern way of life Reformers

Groups that dominate Southern politics African-Americans - gain political power Elected to political office Mayors Sheriffs Law makers 1869-1880 16 Congressman 2 Senators

Groups that dominate Southern politics Conservative Whites Don’t embrace change Real power should be in hands of the whites

Groups that dominate Southern politics Ku Klux Klan - terrorist group - lynching / cross-burning / intimidation Anti black Anti Catholic Anti Jewish Anti Immigrant

Life in the New South Freedmen’s Bureau Provide food and clothes Find jobs Medical care Set up schools for the freed slaves in the South 1869 - 300,000 African-Americans in school Volunteer teachers from the North Set up 4300 schools Howard University Morehouse College

Life in the New South In the South, opportunities were limited for many people. The freedman had no money to buy land. Many freedman and poor whites became share croppers. Rented farmland from owner Paid by giving over share of crops Had to pay for tools, seeds, and farm animals Very little was left over for family Started cycle of poverty

Life in the New South VOTING RESTRICTIONS 1.Many Southern States passed Polling taxes. Polling taxes required voters to pay a fee every time they voted. Africans rarely had the money to pay the tax so they couldn't vote. 2. Literacy Tests: These tests required voters to read and explain a difficult part of the Constitution. Since few Africans had an education and couldn't read, they were kept away from the polls. 3. Grandfather Clause: If a voter’s father or grandfather voted in an election the voter did not have to take the literacy test.

Life in the New South SEGREGATION Segregation became the law of the South. Segregation means separating people of different races Southern states passed Black Codes that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries. These Black Codes are also know as Jim Crow Laws

The End of Reconstruction The Election of 1876 The election was close, each candidate claims the 4 votes in Florida. Who ever gets the votes wins

The End of Reconstruction The Hayes-Tilden Compromise NORTH Hayes gets the 4 Florida votes and wins the election Hayes (Republican) becomes President SOUTH Remove federal troops from the south, ends Reconstruction Use federal money to rebuild southern railroads Reconstruction is over

What changed??????