1. What did Reconstruction Achieve?
13th Amendment: No Slavery
14th Amendment: African-American Citizenship
15th Amendment: Equal treatment under law
Freedmen’s Bureau: Help Freedmen transition to freedom

2. 5. Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South

3. 6.”Colored Rule” in the South?
Freedmen…
voted in large numbers
hold local and state office
help write new state constitutions

4. 7. Black Senate & House Delegates

5. Reasons Reconstruction Ended

6. ***What will be the impact on voting in the South??
Reason 1: Amnesty Act of 1872:
All white Southern ex-Confederates can vote and hold public office.
***What will be the impact on voting in the South??
A White Southern Democrat holding his nose as African Americans go to vote

7. Reason 2: Grant Administration Scandals
General Grant becomes President Grant.
His administration
Is remembered as one
0f the most corrupt in
U.S. history.
Credit Mobilier Scandal.
Whiskey Ring.
The “Indian Ring.”

8. Reason 3: The Panic of 1873 The U.S. economy crashes. Many banks close
Many people lose their jobs
People stop worrying about national problems, like Reconstruction, and start worrying about problems in everyday life.

9. Reason 4: Compromise of 1876
Southern Democrats and Northern Republicans tie the Presidential Election, so they compromise.
North: Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President (Republican)
South: Federal troops leave South & Reconstruction Ends

10. Reason 5: Redemption Governments
After the Compromise of 1876, federal troops were withdrawn from the South
Southern Redemption: White Supremacist governments of ex-Confederates elected with a pledge to restore the South to its pre-war glory.

11. What happened when Reconstruction ended?

12. 1. Restricting the Rights of African Americans
Poll Tax: Voters have to pay a fee when they show up to vote at the polls
Most blacks could not afford the tax

13. Literacy Tests and the Grandfather Clause
This required voters to read and explain a section of the Constitution
The Catch: Most blacks at the time could not read, and so they failed the test
Grandfather Clause:
If a person’s father or grandfather was eligible to vote on January 1st, 1867, the voter did not have to take the Literacy Test
The Catch: No blacks could vote before 1868

14. 2. Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1892
This Supreme Court case determined that separating blacks and whites was legal, as long as the facilities were equal
“Separate but Equal”
Segregation: Dividing public areas by race.

15. 3. Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws passed by Southern states that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theatres, trains, street cars, playgrounds, hospitals, and cemeteries
(On left) A racist depiction of blacks dancing through a field

16. 4. Sharecropping

17. Share Cropping System Landowner Sharecropper
Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop.
Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest.
Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt.
Plants crop, harvests in autumn.
Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent.
Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt.
Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.

18. 5. Black & White Political Participation