NATIONALISM

National Unification and the Nation-State Chapter 19 – Section 3 Reminder – You have a Chapter 19 Test on Thursday!!!

Question of the Day: How do you feel about the United States as your country?

Breakdown of the Concert of Europe The Revolutions of 1848 had failed. The movement to unify Germany and Italy continued despite the Concert of Europe’s intervention.

The Crimean War Conflict on the Crimean Peninsula resulted from a long- standing struggle between Russia and the Islamic Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman control over the Balkans was weakening. Cause and Effect – Russia invaded the Ottoman territories in the Balkans and the Ottomans declared war against the Russians. The Russians caused the Crimean War The Effect was that Britain and France declared war on Russia so that they would not upset the balance of power. The Concert of Europe was now destroyed.

Italian Unification Northern Italian states carefully brokered peace through the Kingdom of Piedmont and exchanged territories with Austria and France to remain in control. Southern Italian unification was led by Giuseppe Garibaldi – an Italian Patriot who raised an army of volunteers. They were called Red Shirts. In 1860, Garibaldi and his troops made their way into Northern Italy, where he gave up his victories to the Kingdom of Piedmont. SUMMARIZE the events of Italian Unification in one Newspaper Headline – 8 words or less!

German Unification Following the failed constitution of the Frankfurt Assembly, Germans looked to the Prussians for help. Prussia had an authoritarian, militaristic government, where the king had control over the military and gov’t. King William I of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck as his prime minister. Bismarck was a specialist in realpolitik – which was based on practical matters not theory. “Germany does not look to Prussia’s liberalism, but to her power.”

Bismarck & the Franco-Prussian War Bismarck collected taxes and strengthened the army. His foreign policy eventually led to war with Denmark, Austria and finally with France. Franco-Prussian War - France was threatened by a strong German state, and declared war on Prussia. France was no match for the united military alliance of the German states. In a short few months, the Prussian Army had captured an entire French Army and the French Ruler – Napoleon III.

Hate Much? The end of the Franco-Prussian war did not fix any of the issues between Germany and France. France had to pay Germany 5 Billion Francs ($1 Billion) France gave Germany the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, which they were angry about. (*This was a cause of the First and Second World War.) Bismarck and 600 German Princes threw a huge celebration at the French Palace of Versailles, where King William was proclaimed kaiser – or Caesar/emperor