Before we start: A quick check… Are you wearing your lanyards? Mobile phones away please

A refresher of the class rules Mobiles phones need to be put away. No texting in lesson Using phone in lesson will result in a stage 1 concern. A refresher of the class rules

We focused on the underclass, The New Right and Marxism Last lesson recap

Key words: write a definition Describe underclass? What is the cycle of deprivation? Who do the New Right blame for the existence of the underclass? What does Marxism say about the underclass/inequality? Key words: write a definition

Group below the working class and left out of society Who are the Underclass?

This views the underclass as lacking the basics for a happy life This views the underclass as lacking the basics for a happy life. They cannot escape poverty and their children will continue that pattern the cycle of deprivation Cycle of Deprivation

Cycle of deprivationof poverty 1. Children born into poor and deprived families 2. The children have a deprived childhood . Lacking material items due to financial problems and possibly cultural deprivation 3. As a result of the financial and cultural deprivation the children are less likely to get good qualifications and may leave school earlier than others. 4. As young adults their futures are limited, they tend to take low paid, unskilled jobs or experience unemployment. 5. As adults they live continue to live in poverty 6. Many will become parent of deprived children and the culture of poverty continues over time. Cycle of deprivationof poverty

1) Culture of the underclass Blames individual for being poor – ‘they have created this way of life’ They have different norms from other social classes The New Right supports this view and also blames the government for providing benefits (creates welfare dependency) The New Right are concerned about the effect of the underclass on society - high teen pregnancy, crime, bad parenting 1) Culture of the underclass

Society is so competitive and greedy that someone will end up at the bottom of society. There will always be some people who are very poor. Marxists

GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures Inequality and its causes Lesson 8 Objectives of the lesson are: Sociological theories of inequality To understand how the major theories Marxism, Functionalism, New Right and Feminism view inequality GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures

Theories of inequality: What do theories say about inequality? Sociologists often disagree with each other and this is generally because they have a different theory or idea about how society works. If you understand theory – it will help you to learn more at a higher level of study. You need to start to think about which theory makes the most sense to you!

Society is compared to a living thing called an ‘organic analogy’ A theory in sociology which looks at the way different parts of society help to keep it healthy. Society is compared to a living thing called an ‘organic analogy’ Functionalism

Functionalism “Society Is Like”: A Human Body Characteristics of society Characteristics of human body Organisations in society work together to help society function and maintain social order Each part of the body works in harmony with all other parts

Functionalists believe that a successful society is based on ‘value consensus’ – people agree around a set of shared norms and values.

Functionalism and inequality Functionalists are interested in what job any part of society does. E.g. family, education, legal system, media Inequality is part of society. Inequality creates winners and losers, some people are rich some are poor. Inequality helps motivate people to be winners. If we were all equal no one would try to do anything. Functionalism assumes that power is distributed equally to those that work hard to get it and deserve it (meritocracy). Functionalism and inequality

The New Right would agree with the functionalist approach but would go further and blame the poor themselves for inequality. New Right

Who is this guy?

A conflict theory which sees society as divided into two classes – the ruling class and the working class Marxism

Marxism “Society Is Like”: A League Table Characteristics of league table… Characteristics of society… A league is characterised by competition between teams Society involves competition between social groups/classes

Marxists How Marxists see inequality Inequality is unfair. Meritocracy is a myth There are 2 main social classes ruling class and working class. The ruling class has the power – controlling big business, factories, the media This power meant that they are able to control how the working class thinks. The working class don’t realise they are being used. One day, the workers will realise and overthrow the ruling class! How Marxists see inequality

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Capitalism

‘Society Is Like’: A League Table Feminism ‘Society Is Like’: A League Table Characteristics of league table… Characteristics of society… A league is characterised by competition between teams Society involves competition between men and women

Feminism The most damaging inequality is between men and women. They call our society ‘patriarchal’ meaning it’s ruled by men Feminist concerned that women have been trapped in traditional roles of mother and housewife. This has suited men who control the world. Feminist concerned about he way girls are socialised. They think stereotypes about beauty and being sexy are not helpful for women growing up. Feminism Betty Friedan

Check your understanding

Task Exam Practice

https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/69853603-654a-4228-bde8- 827674b4bbd7 Kahoot

About Marxism… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0GFSUu5UzA

Using sociological theory, explain and outline one reason why we have inequality in our society?

How does disability affect life chances? Next week