African American Civil Rights Caesar Chavez and the UFW Civil Rights 1950’s -1960’s African American Civil Rights Caesar Chavez and the UFW American Indians and AIM

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement NAACP and W.E.B. DuBois advocates for legal equality in court (1909) Marcus Garvey advocates Black Nationalism and creates the UNIA (1920’s) African Americans fight in segregated units during WWII. They fight for the freedom of others and return to a still segregated society in the US Double V Campaign (1942-43)

Congress of Racial Equality CORE (1942) Adopted the philosophy of non violence Advocated direct challenges to Southern segregation This is a major group throughout the Civil Rights struggle and a good specific early example to be able to use on the test

Brown v. Board (1954) Landmark Supreme Court case that overturned the “separate but equal” precedent set in Plessy v. Ferguson (1894). This is THE example of the strategy of the NAACP at work The court basically rules that even if school facilities may be equal, separating children based solely on race is detrimental to their growth and therefore unconstitutional “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

After the Brown v. Board decision, people throughout the South will defy the ruling and resist integration. 70% of Southern schools will still be segregated into the 1960’s

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat and move to the back of the city bus. She is jailed and massive non-violent protest breaks out. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes a massive boycott of the entire Montgomery Bus System African Americans refuse to ride the bus for over 381 days The transit company operating Montgomery's bus system nearly goes bankrupt The Supreme Court will rule on the case in 1956 and declare bus segregation unconstitutional

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE6Yvy--5aw

Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960) Groups of black and white young people attempt to integrate the lunch counter at Woolworth’s Department Store. They launch Sit-Ins and basically shut the lunch counters down. For three weeks white and blacks students show up and occupy the seats and the massive department store chain agrees to changes it’s policy and serve African Americans

Freedom Riders (1961) CORE and SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee) want to draw attention to the fact the most policy makers and politicians in the South are ignoring the recent Supreme Court rulings They organize bus loads of mostly northern college students (white and black) to go to Southern states and register people to vote They meet intense opposition in basically every town they show up. Klansmen meet them with clubs in many cases Southern State Governors refuse to order troops and local law enforcement to protect the Freedom Riders