1. The Movement Begins Pgs. 622 - 629
Chapter 18.1
The Movement Begins
Pgs

2. The Origins of the Movement
Rosa Parks
Busses were segregated in Montgomery
Parks refused to give up her seat
Her arrest sparks the response
Remember – Plessey v Ferguson is still in effect
Separate but equal is still good law
The question is should it be good law?
De Facto versus De Jure segregation

3. Cont. Court Challenges Begin New Political Power The plan of the NAACP
Every win breaks down segregation
We just need to “big one”
New Political Power
The great migration concentrated them in northern cities
The New Deal increased support for democrats
Truman’s Executive Order as well.

4. Cont. The Push for Desegregation Brown v. Board of Education
CORE – Congress on Racial Equality
Founded by James Farmer
Adapts the sit-in
Go to a segregated restaurant
Refuse to leave
Brown v. Board of Education
Linda Brown in Topeka Kansas
Denied admission to a “white” school
Earl Warren rules in favor of Brown
“separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

5. The Civil Rights Movement Begins
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Remember Rosa Parks?
Martin Luther King Jr. emerges as a leader
Pastor, married, young kids, powerful voice
Advocated non-violent action
The boycott lasts more than a year
Supreme Court rules segregation illegal on busses
African American Churches
Many pastors are a part of the movement
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

6. Eisenhower Responds Views of the President Disliked segregation
Continued ending it in the military
Wanted gradual change – not the courts
2 thoughts
Feared division during the Cold War
Didn’t believe laws/court rulings could change peoples minds
Still upheld the law

7. Cont. Crisis in Little Rock
Black students tried to integrate the all white school
Governor Orval Faubus sent in the National Guard
He wasn’t an extreme racist
This was just good politics
Eisenhower asks him to call NG off
The governor was acting against the constitution
Mobs formed & attacked the students
Sent in the 101st Airborne to secure integration

8. Cont. New Civil Rights Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1957
Aimed at protecting the right to vote
Lyndon Johnson steers it through Congress
What did it do?
Created a civil rights division in the Justice Department
Creates the US Commission on Civil Rights
Lead to a campaign to register African Americans to vote
And not to your Civil Rights Legislation Handout