Childhood Social Development

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Presentation transcript:

Childhood Social Development

ATTACHMENT Emotional ties that form between people 8 months: stranger anxiety & separation anxiety

Attachment Differences Placed in a strange situation, 60% of children express secure attachment, i.e., they explore their environment happily in the presence of their mothers. When their mother leave, they show distress.

Secure Attachment Relaxed and attentive caregiving becomes the backbone of secure attachment.

Deprivation of Attachment Children become withdrawn, frightened and unable to develop speech If parental or caregiving support is deprived for an extended period of time, children are at risk for physical, psychological, and social problems, including alterations in brain serotonin levels

Harry Harlow Contact Comfort: instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft

Harry Harlow Infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment

ATTACHMENT Imprinting: process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period (Konrad Lorenz) Secure children are happier, friendlier, and more cooperative When caregivers are unresponsive, children are usually insecure

STYLES OF PARENTING Warm: parents show a great deal of affection; children are well adjusted Cold: parents show no love; children are more interested in escaping punishment Strict: cannot tolerate disorder; teach self-discipline; military-like

STYLES OF PARENTING Permissive: parents are less concerned or have little time to monitor children’s activities Authoritative: warm and positively strict; children are independent and achievement oriented Authoritarian: strict and cold: children are defiant or dependent on adults

SELF-ESTEEM Value or worth that people attach to themselves Unconditional Positive Regard: parents love and accept their children for who they are, no matter how they behave Conditional Positive Regard: parents show love only when the children behave in certain acceptable ways