1. The Study of Development Physical and Social

2. 2 Developmental Psychology The study of how humans grow, develop, and change throughout their life.

3. The Nature-Nurture Interaction Long-standing debate over the relative importance of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) in their influence on behavior and mental processes

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Continuity View vs. Discontinuity View Age Performance Continuity view Discontinuity view

5. Physical Development

6. During the first 8 weeks, the tiny embryo develops fingers, toes, eyes, ears, a nose, a mouth, a heart, and a circulatory system. At 8 weeks, the 1 ½ -inch long embryo becomes a fetus and the organs of the various body systems develop to the point at which they can sustain the life of the baby after he/she is born. **Within 9 months of pregnancy, the embryo develops from a nearly microscopic cell to a baby about 20 inches in length.

7. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 7

8. 8 Maturation Maturation: genetically determined biological pattern of individual development. sitting before standing standing before walking babbling before talking **Order is the same, rate is different.

9. 9 Motor Development 1.roll over 2.sit unsupported 3.crawl 4.walk Renee Altier for Worth Publishers Jim Craigmyle/ Corbis Phototake Inc./ Alamy Images Profimedia.CZ s.r.o./ Alamy

10. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 10

11. Social Development… …involves the ways in which infants and children learn to relate to other people. Factors that affect social development: -attachment -parenting styles -child care -child abuse and neglect

12. Attachment is… …the emotional ties that form between people -by four months, infants have developed attachments to their main caregivers—usually the mother - infants may experience separation anxiety (frequent crying and distressful behaviors) if their mothers leave them

13. Stranger Anxiety -some infants develop a fear of strangers at about 8 months - the closer they are to a stranger, the more upset they become

14. 14 Contact Comfort Harry Harlow (1971) study - showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment. Harlow Primate Laboratory, University of Wisconsin **instinctual need to touch or be touched by something soft.

15. 15 Harlow’s studies showed that monkeys experience great anxiety if their terry-cloth mother is removed Harlow Primate Laboratory, University of Wisconsin

16. Imprinting is… -for many animals, attachment is an instinct -ducks, geese, and some other animals become attached to the first moving object they see -for humans, it takes months for the infants to become attached to their main caregivers …the process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period

17. Parenting Styles

18. Parenting Styles: Authoritarian Parenting Distant, uncommunicative, unresponsive Expect obedience Dictators What are some problems associated with this type of parenting? 18

19. Parenting Styles: Permissive Parenting Children make the decisions No rules or expectations What are some problems associated with this type of parenting? 19

20. 20 Parenting Styles: Authoritative Parenting easy-going firm respectful realistic expectations

21. Other Factors? -child care -child abuse and neglect YOU TELL ME: How could these factors affect a child’s social development?