1. Social Development

2. What is Social development? Involves the ways in which infants and children relate to each other.

3. Social Development Includes Attachment Parenting Self-esteem

4. Attachment Emotional ties that form between people. Essential to survival especially infants

7. Stranger Anxiety A fear of strangers About 8 months

8. Separation Anxiety Causes infants to cry or behave in ways of distress if their mother or primary caregiver leaves them.

9. Contact Comfort Remember Harry Harlow? The instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft. Harlow concluded the need for contact is stronger than the need for food. Gives a sense of security

12. Imprinting The process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period. Konrad Lorenz acquired a family of goslings because he was present at birth and he was the first moving object they saw.

14. Secure Attachment Primary caregivers are affectionate, reliable Children are happier, friendlier and get along better with others Less likely to misbehave

15. Insecure attachment Caregivers are unresponsive and unreliable Children are less cooperative Little or no effort to make contact with caregivers

16. Vs.

17. Styles of Parenting

18. Strict Warm Permissive Cold Most Parents Demanding Possessive Controlling Dictatorial Supportive protective affectionate flexible caring Neglecting indifferent careless detached Lenient democratic inconsistent overindulgent

22. Authoritative Means with authority Warm with positive kinds of strictness Children usually are more independent, and higher self esteem

23. Authoritarian Favoring unquestionable obedience Parents often are rejecting and cold Children may be less friendly, and do not do as well in school.

24. Self Esteem Value or worth people place on themselves Protects people from stress and struggles with life Authoritative parents Secure attachment

25. Unconditional Positive Regard Parents love and accept children for who they are-no matter how they behave High self esteem

26. Conditional Positive Regard Parents show their love only when children behave in certain acceptable ways Low self esteem Continue to seek approval from others.

27. Gender & Self-esteem Ages 5-7, children value themselves based on physical appearance and performance in school Self-fulfilling prophecy-live up to the expectation

28. Age and Self-esteem Declines during elementary school Lowest at 12-13 How they see themselves is not how others may see them Compare themselves to their peers