Puma concolor

Chapter 2 Classification

1 Classification means organizing living things into groups based on their similarities. 2 Scientists classify living and extinct organisms to make them easier to study.

3 Organisms are classified by shared characteristics and their relationships between one another. 4 The levels of classification go from very general to very specific.

5 The 8 levels: Domain Dumb Kingdom King Phylum Phylum Order Order Class Couldn’t Order Order Family Fried Genus Green Species Spaghetti

Classification for Humans Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo species sapiens

7 Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus in the 1700’s. 6 The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy. 7 Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus in the 1700’s. classified things only by their shared characteristics. developed the concept of binomial nomenclature so scientists speaking and writing different languages could communicate clearly.

8 Modern taxonomists also look at evolutionary relationships between animals.

A branching diagram can show the relationship between organisms. 9

Organisms that are more closely related are closer together on the branching diagram. 10

When living things are classified, they get a scientific name. 11 When living things are classified, they get a scientific name. The scientific name is the same anywhere in the world.

12 13 Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek. The scientific name is always the Genus and species name together. 13 The Genus is always written first and capitalized. The species is second and is always lowercase.

14 15 The scientific name is always italicized or underlined. Ex: Felis domesticus 15 Scientists can use a dichotomous key to identify unknown organisms.

DOMAINS Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

KINGDOMS Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

17 Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not have nuclei. All other living things are eukaryotic and have true nuclei.

18 Archaebacteria live in extreme environments (very hot or cold) They have been on the earth about 3 billion years. Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria. Bacteria are either helpful or harmful living everywhere on earth.

Kingdom Protista 19 Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular & simple multicellular organisms. Protists are organisms that are not plants, animals or fungi

Kingdom Plantae 20 Plants are usually green and make food by photosynthesis They are complex, multicellular organisms

Kingdom Fungi 21 They absorb food from their surroundings. Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast).

Kingdom Animalia 22 Most move around and have nervous systems. Animals are complex and multicellular.