The Civil rights Movement
Civil Rights Background Post WWI & WWII movement to urban areas African Americans influencing party politics by the 1950s Conflicting feelings about Cold War message of freedom and democracy.
Civil Rights Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Rosa Parks, MLK, Jr. Civil Rights Acts of 1957 & 1960 First since Reconstruction SCLC Greensboro sit-in SNCC Landmark in Desegregation Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Federal troops uphold in Little Rock, Ark. Little Rock 9
Jackie Robinson 1947- Broke “Color Barrier” in Major League Baseball by signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
1952 15 states require by law to keep public schools segregated. Soon Brown v. Board of Education will overturn this ruling.
Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas May 1954, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and the "separate but equal" doctrine. Segregation of children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional and discrimination. States ordered to integrate their schools. Brown vs. board
1955- all states must comply with Brown v. Board of Education ruling Brown II 1955- all states must comply with Brown v. Board of Education ruling
Rosa Parks December 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42 year old black woman, was ordered by a Montgomery bus driver to give up her seat to white passengers. Refused, arrested and fined $10 for sitting in the white section. Blacks refused to ride buses until the law was changed. Begins the Civil Rights Era as a national movement to bring about equality for Black Americans. Rosa parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa parks Rosa Parks case led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott against segregation on public buses. Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.- 1956 and lasted one year. Montgomery City Government ended segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr *Leader for Black Civil Rights *End Jim Crow *Promote integration *Increase voting rights *Bring about a true democracy *Rights deprived since Civil War
LITTLE ROCK NINE little rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first high school in the South to integrate. 1958, President Eisenhower sent Federal troops to accompany the nine black students attending an all white high school...
Civil Disobedience Refusal to obey an unjust law.
Passive Resistance Turn the other cheek. Nonviolent protests such as sit ins, marches and freedom riders.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Carried out nonviolent crusades against racism. Used sit ins, marches, and protests.
Civil Rights Tactics Marches Sit ins Demonstrations Boycotts
Freedom Riders Rode buses into segregated bus terminals throughout the South to protest racism and voter registration. Many were met with bombings and fire. U.S. Marshalls ordered to protect them. Included cities such as Nashville, Huntsville, Chattanooga, and Jackson, MS.
Results of Freedom Rides Government bans segregation on all interstate facilities including lunch counters and restrooms.
James Meredith 1st African American student at Ole Miss. 1962 He had to be protected by federal troops that stayed on campus.
University of Alabama 1965 University of Alabama becomes desegregated despite the protest of Alabama’s racist Governor George Wallace and racist Police Commissioner Bull Connor.