1. African-American Civil Rights Movement

2. White Views of Ending Segregation
Some whites wanted segregation to end
Others were violently against integration

3. Pro-segregation groups & people
KKK (Klu Klux Klan)
Some Southern leaders
Governors George Wallace (Alabama), Orval Faubus (Arkansas) & Lester Maddox (Georgia)
Congressional group of southern Democrats, that wanted to maintain the “status quo”

4. Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme court case
Said segregated education was illegal
Ended “Plessy v. Ferguson”

5. Brown v. Board of Education Article

6. Little Rock Nine (‘57)
After Brown vs. the Board of Education, some schools did not desegregate
A group of 9 African-American students enrolled at an all-white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas
The school refused to allow them in
National Guard soldiers blocked them
President Eisenhower sent in army troops to escort them

7. Little Rock Nine

8. Elizabeth Eckford
Elizabeth Eckford

12. Little Rock Nine Reunion!!!
Oprah

13. Montgomery Bus Boycott Article

14. Montgomery Bus Boycott
“Colored” section on all buses
1955: Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat
“It was time for someone to stand up—or in my case, sit down”
NAACP & MLK lead the bus boycott
90%; 381 days long
Walked / car-pooled
Bus system plummeted

15. Sit-ins CORE: 1942 Sit-ins Greensboro: 1960
Congress of Racial Equality
Sit-ins
Sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served
Greensboro: 1960
Woolworth’s store
Peaceful protest turns violent
By 1960, sit-ins took place in 48 cities in 11 states

18. Freedom Riders (‘61)
CORE & SNCC members historic bus trip to the South
Test the S.C. ruling banning segregation on interstate buses
Violence breaks out
200 whites attacked the buses
Blew the tires
Smashed windows
Fire bombs

21. Freedom Riders President Kennedy intervenes
400 U.S. Marshalls to protect riders
Attorney general banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities
Waiting rooms, restrooms, etc.

22. Integrating Ole Miss (‘62)
1962: James Meredith
Air force veteran
Won court case allowing him to enroll in the all-white U of Miss.
Governor refused to let him register
“I call on every Mississippian to keep his faith and courage. We will never surrender”
Kennedy sends federal marshals to escort Meredith
Riots broke out on campus
2 deaths, 200 arrested, 15 hours long