European Colonization Of Africa

When most European nations ended slavery in the early______, they shifted their focus to trading goods such as gold, ivory, and____________. Soon after,the European powers divided up most of Africa. They used ______________to keep power. This is a policy of taking over other countries’ government’s trade, and culture. 1800s rubber imperialism

The Berlin Conference In 1884 at the request of Portugal, German chancellor Otto von Bismark called together the major western powers of the world to negotiate questions and end confusion over the control of Africa. Bismark appreciated the opportunity to expand Germany's sphere of influence over Africa and desired to force Germany's rivals to struggle with one another for territory. At the time of the conference, 80% of Africa remained under traditional and local control.

The Berlin Conference "The Berlin Conference was Africa's undoing in more ways than one. The colonial powers superimposed their domains on the African continent. By the time independence returned to Africa in 1950, the realm had acquired a legacy of political fragmentation that could neither be eliminated nor made to operate satisfactorily."*

The _______controlled much of East Africa The _______controlled much of East Africa. Large numbers of Europeans settled in Kenya. But most colonial rulers used African deputies to control the countries. Many deputies were traditional chiefs. They often favored their own peoples. This caused conflict between ethnic groups. British

Ethiopia These conflicts have made it hard for governments to influence feelings of national identity. Most East African countries gained independence in the early 1960s.________, however, was never colonized. Independence did not solve all the problems of the former colonies. New challenges faced the newly independent countries. Ethiopia

HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA European countries claimed colonies in West Africa in the late 1800s and kept control until after___________. They built schools, roads, and railroads, but many Africans gave up farming and worked for low wages. All the countries in West Africa became independent by 1974. World War II

European In the 1800s _________ countries began invading HISTORY OF NORTH AFRICA European In the 1800s _________ countries began invading North Africa. By 1912 Spain and France controlled Morocco, France also controlled Tunisia and Algeria, Italy controlled Libya, and the British controlled Egypt.

The countries gradually gained independence in the mid-1900s. _______ was the last country to win independence in 1962. Today the countries of North Africa are trying to build stronger ties to other Arab countries. HISTORY OF NORTH AFRICA Algeria

Name the European colonial powers. Some of the Central African countries became rich from trading with the Europeans. But they were all weakened in time… Why? France Britian Belgium Spain Germany Portugal

The people of Central Africa speak hundreds of different languages The people of Central Africa speak hundreds of different languages. They also speak regional varieties of the same language or ____________. Dialects The reason for the for the great variety is that each ethnic group speaks its own native languae or dialect of one such as _________. However each country has an offical language as well. Bantu

Religion in Central Africa draws heavily from its colonial history Religion in Central Africa draws heavily from its colonial history. Many of the countries that were once part of the former French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies are Roman Catholic while Protestant Christians can be found in former British Colonies.

Dutch Landing in 1652

Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828)

Boers Clash With the Xhosa Tribes Boer Farmer

The Great Trek, 1836-38 Afrikaners

Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds

The Struggle for South Africa

“The Colossus of Rhodes” Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) “The Colossus of Rhodes”

Uncle Sam: “The Colossus of the Pacific” (A Parody)

Paul Kruger (1825-1904)

Boer-British Tensions Increase 1877 – Britain annexed the Transvaal. 1883 – Boers fought British in the Transvaal and regained its independence. - Paul Kruger becomes President. 1880s – Gold discovered in the Transvaal

The Boer War: 1899 - 1900 The British The Boers

A Future British Prime Minister British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill