1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. African Trade [15c-17c]

3. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

4. Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

5. European Explorers in Africa 19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

7. 1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone? Dr. David Livingstone Doctor Livingstone, I Presume? Sir Henry Morton Stanley

8. European Explorations in mid-19c: “The Scramble for Africa”

9. 2. What is the Source of the Nile? John Speke Sir Richard Burton

10. Africa 1890

11. Africa in 1914

12. Social Darwinism

13. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling Said the following: Justified imperalism as a Noble cause or expectation Aka; ‘civilize the savage’

14. The “White Man’s Burden”?

16. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo

17. King Leopold II: (r. 1865 – 1909)

18. Harvesting Rubber

19. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

20. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

21. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

22. Leopold’s Conscience??

23. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Another point of view? …regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of Germany, its outcome, the General Act of the Berlin Conference, is often seen as the formalization of the Scramble for Africa. The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity on the part of the European powers, while simultaneously eliminating most existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance.

24. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

25. European Colonization/Decolonization Patterns Berlin Conference of 1884-85

26. Leopold Defends Himself in Paris, 1903 King Leopold (to Loubert) : How about that! John Bull claims that I tortured, robbed and murdered more than he did... Loubert : No, your Majesty, that's impossible.

28. Dutch Landing in 1652

29. Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828)

30. Boers Clash With the Xhosa Tribes Boer Farmer

31. The Great Trek, 1836-38 Afrikaners

32. Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds

33. The Struggle for South Africa

34. Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) “The Colossus of Rhodes” Founder of De Beers Diamonds…believed in Imperialism and colonialism. Founded Rhodesia, now Zambia And Zimbabwe

35. Uncle Sam: “The Colossus of the Pacific” (A Parody)

36. Paul Kruger (1825-1904) Paul Kruger, affectionately known as Uncle Paul (Afrikaans: "Oom Paul") was State President of the South African Republic (Transvaal). He gained international renown as the face of Boer resistance against the British during the South African or Second Boer War (1899- 1902). ~Wikipedia~

37. Boer-British Tensions Increase  1877 – Britain annexed the Transvaal.  1883 – Boers fought British in the Transvaal and regained its independence. - Paul Kruger becomes President.  1880s – Gold discovered in the Transvaal

38. The Boer War: 1899 - 1900 The Boers The British

39. A Future British Prime Minister British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill

40. The Struggle for South Africa