PROTESTANT REFORMATION The Reformation was a major development in the Christian world when the Pope begins to lose power in Europe and, for the first time since Constantine’s Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.), the Bible takes center stage in the Christian conversation and politics.

Invented movable parts in the Johann Gutenberg Invented movable parts in the Printing Press

Catholic Church Dissatisfaction Too much ritual Wealth Corruption Abuse

Catholic Church Indulgences

Catholic Church Indulgences Excessive Excommunication

Catholic Church Indulgences Excessive Excommunication Inquisition

Catholic Church Indulgences Excessive Excommunication Inquisition Relics

John Wycliffe "The Morning Star of the Reformation“ 1382 – Wycliffe Bible "The Morning Star of the Reformation“ Anti-Christ and hierarchy of the church were the same Translated the Latin Vulgate into English (Wycliffe's Bible)

John Huss The First Church reformer Prague (Czech) The First Church reformer Charles University (Prague) Burned at the stake for heresy (1415)

Martin Luther Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire Early 1500’s 95 Theses

Martin Luther Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire Early 1500’s 95 Theses Faith Alone, Not works

Martin Luther Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire Early 1500’s 95 Theses Faith Alone, Not works Bible is THE Authority

Martin Luther Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire Early 1500’s 95 Theses Retained two sacraments Infant Baptism Communion

Martin Luther Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire Early 1500’s 95 Theses Banned Indulgences Confession

Martin Luther Eisleben, Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire 1521 Diet of Worms (Trial in Worms, Germany) The Inquisition

Martin Luther Eisleben, Saxony, GERMANY - Holy Roman Empire 1521 Diet of Worms (Trial in Worms, Germany) The Inquisition “I cannot recant” Too popular to burn at the stake Excommunicated

Lutheran Civil war Pope/Holy Roman Emperor vs German Princes Some call it a religious war… In reality, Independence from Emperor for German Princes Peasant revolts vs Landlords Lutheran Peasant vs Catholic Peasant

Northern Europe - Protestant Southern Europe - Catholic Peace of Augsburg 1555 Northern Europe - Protestant Southern Europe - Catholic

Peace of Augsburg 1555 Impact around the World Colonization led to Catholics in Central America Protestantism in North America

John Calvin Geneva (Switzerland) Set up a Theocracy 1536 the city adopted religious reform: monasteries were dissolved Mass was abolished Papal authority renounced . John Calvin

Menno Simons Anabaptist (Mennonites – Amish) Friesland, Lower Dutch 1537 Persecuted from the earliest days by ALL… Catholics – they opposed Church and Tradition Reformers - they were a threat to the reformed social order

Menno Simons Anabaptist (Mennonites – Amish) Friesland, Lower Dutch 1537 Persecuted from the earliest days by ALL… Catholics – they opposed Church and Tradition Reformers - they were a threat to the reformed social order Key Point…. Denial of Infant Baptism – a voluntary faith meant a voluntary political leadership… denied the foundation for the state-church system