1. BUT SO MANY MORE FOLKS WERE KICKING THINGS OFF. LUTHER KICKS THINGS OFF!

2. LUTHERANISM SPOKE DIAGRAM Using the handout, create a spoke diagram of the origins, beliefs, ultimate source of authority, ritual and worship and community life of Lutheranism.

3. LUTHERANISM NOW LET’S GO BACK TO QUESTIONS 8 AND 9. EXPAND YOUR ANSWERS. Below is a list of practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. At the time the Church believed that the forgiveness of sins came through the sacrament of Reconciliation (officiated by a priest) Salvation came from doing good works and receiving the sacraments from the Church the saints could ask on your behalf for God to help you Some even believed that the purchase of indulgences could get rid of their sins Bishops chose the priests for each parish Held religious festivals in remembrance and reverence of the saints Priests said mass in Latin (a language very few people spoke) The clergy (priests and bishops included) could not marry 8.Which of these practices did Luther disagree with? 9.How was Luther’s new church different from the Catholic Church? Go through each of the practices listed above and explain how Lutheranism would be different.

4. HOW DID THE CHURCH INITIALLY RESPOND? Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms: Charles V summoned Luther to Diet of Worms (meeting of all German princes from Holy Roman Empire) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1YS5JuVGUA Why was there such a popular response? Why was he not burned at the stake like other earlier reformer?

5. THE HELP OF THE PRINTING PRESS Amidst church corruption, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. This allowed for rapid reproductions of his books and pamphlets as well as the Bible As a result of the printing press, not had literacy rates increase, but also people began to question the practices of the Catholic Church.

6. WHY DID HIS REFORMS CREATE WIDESPREAD REVOLT IN GERMANY? Peasants, believing everyone was equal under God, revolted against lords Princes, who wanted freedom from the pope, seized Church land Peace of Augsburg forced many to move in order to worship freely

7. WHY DID PROTESTANTISM SPREAD BEYOND GERMANY? Political leaders wanted to escape the power of the Church People were tired of Church abuses and corruption Charismatic individuals questioned Church teachings and provided leadership Rising literacy rate allowed for rapid spread of new ideas

8. WHAT ABOUT THE REST OF THE NEW CHURCHES? CALVINISM? ANABAPTISTS? ANGLICANS? 1.ORIGINS: 1.Which of the three origins was less about religious beliefs and practices and more about politics? 2.BELIEFS ABOUT SIN AND SALVATION: 1.Which of the three had the most radical views about sin and salvation? 3.ULTIMATE AUTHORITY: 1.What do they tend to have in common regarding their beliefs on the ultimate source of authority? 2.And which religion was a little different from the others in terms of authority? 4.RITUAL AND WORSHIP: 1.Which church had the most in common with the Catholic Church regarding ritual and worship? 5.COMMUNITY LIFE: 1.Which religion was the “strictest” is your opinion?

9. COMPARE AND CONTRAST ALL 5

10. THE COUNTER REFORMATION

11. SO…HOW DID THE CATHOLIC CHURCH RESPOND? They took two major paths… A. Reform the Church from within Pope Paul III The Council of Trent And B. Tried to stop the spread of Protestantism Jesuits Inquisition Index of Prohibited Books

12. REFORM FROM WITHIN… Pope Paul III Led the Counter, or Catholic Reformation Promoted reform-minded cardinals to the Curia Had Church abuses catalogued Called meeting at Trent to deal with the growth of Protestantism GRADE?

13. REFORM FROM WITHIN… Council of Trent (1545-1563) Defined Catholic beliefs and corrected abuses Sale of indulgences prohibited Simony outlawed Seminaries established to train parish priests Monasteries and convents cleansed of immoral clergy GRADE?

14. TRIED TO STOP THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM Jesuits (1540) Disciplined and well-educated order of Catholic priests Won Poland and southern Germany back into the Catholic faith Spread Christian message across Africa, Asia, and the Americas GRADE?

15. TRIED TO STOP THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM Inquisition (1542) Church court designed to judge and convict heretics Designed to stamp out heresies by interrogating all people suspected of unorthodox views Imprisoned, exiled, or executed those with unorthodox views Less brutal than Spanish Inquisition GRADE?

16. TRIED TO STOP THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM Index of Prohibited Books (1559) List of banned books with Catholics were forbidden to read List included Protestant Bibles and some scientific writings GRADE?

17. ADDITIONAL REFORMERS Borromeo and Francis of Sales Woman in the church (ex Teresa of Avila)

18. IMPACT OF THE REFORMATION AND COUNTER REFORMATION

19. CHANGES IN RELIGION What images did you use to represent the ideas in this section? Rifts existed between all of the churches. Lutherans did not accept the ideas of Anabaptists. Calvinists disapproved of Lutherans

20. PERSECUTIONS AND HYSTERIA What images did you use to represent the ideas in this section? Forced conversion of Jews and Muslims Witch hunts

21. POLITICAL EFFECTS What images did you use to represent the ideas in this section? Rising sense of nationalism as the power of the catholic Church waned Political power became separated from church

22. RELIGIOUS WARS AND UNREST What images did you use to represent the ideas in this section? The Italians wars Expanded the Renaissance ideas Conflicts among Germans Issues with high taxes and lack of power Peasants’ War evolved into a Protestants (Luther) vs. Catholics (Charles V) resulting in the Peace of Augsburg The local prince could decide on the religion of their princedom Someone had religions freedom at least. Conflicts between Religions France had its own conflict between Huguenots and Catholics. This lead to true freedom of religion via the Edict of Nantes