Reconstruction Period after Civil War 1865-1877
Two Plans Lincoln’s Plan Johnson’s Plan Very lenient- no punishment Pardon all Confederates who swear allegiance to Union Reunite country as quickly as possible Criticism Included nothing about ensuring rights and citizenship of blacks Johnson’s Plan States swear allegiance to Union Adopt 13th Amendment Criticism Included nothing about the needs of blacks Voting rights, land rights, and protection under the law
Radical Republicans Group of Republican Senators who will control Reconstruction Wanted to protect the rights of former slaves Military Districts- send US military to protect and keep order South will be divided into 7 districts 14th Amendment passed Guarantee “Due Process” and equal rights Full citizenship for former slaves States must adopt 14th amendment to be readmitted into Union
Radical Republican Achievements Carpetbaggers: People who moved from the north to help reconstruction Freedmen’s Bureau Govt. agency- give food, medical care, clothing Set up hospitals and schools 13th Amendment Abolish slavery 14th Amendment Due process and equal rights 15th Amendment Universal male suffrage
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Elected official breaks a law and can be removed from office President Andrew Johnson Be impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act Tenure of Office Act- President can’t interfere with Reconstruction efforts of Radical Republicans Impeachment Trial Johnson WILL NOT be impeached by one vote Johnson will not interfere again with Reconstruction
End of Reconstruction End with the Election of 1876 and the Hayes-Tilden Compromise (Election ends in a draw) Hayes-Tilden Compromise Republican Candidate Hayes wins presidency Republicans must withdraw the military from the South South will no longer have military protection Democrats will control states governments in the South
South After Reconstruction Sharecropping Most former slaves and poor whites will be sharecroppers Farmers who must pay rent for the land they use Most are poor and barely able to get by Black Codes Laws passed by Southern states to limit blacks from certain things (owning guns or testifying against whites) Ku Klux Klan Hate group formed to intimidate blacks and prevent them from voting and enjoying new freedoms (13, 14, 15 amendments)
South After Reconstruction Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- US Supreme Court case that ruled on segregation- said separate but equal was Constitutional Defend segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South Jim Crow- laws set up in South to segregate blacks and whites and provide separate facilities (restaurants, hospitals, schools, etc)
Scalawag and Carpetbagger Northerner who moved South during Reconstruction Negative view- wanted to become wealthy and take advantage of poor southerners Scalawag Southerner who supported the Republican party (who opposed slavery) Seen as sell-out by other Southerners- most white southerners will belong to Democratic party
Westward Movement Reasons to move west Cheap land Religious freedom- Mormons move to Utah Gold, silver- 49ers in California Escape segregation and slavery
Westward Expansion Homestead Act Passed in 1862 Offered cheap land in Oklahoma and midwest states Agree to stay on land for 5-10 years Morrill-Land Grant Act States get money to start colleges for agriculture and technology