1. Unit 1: Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction
Re- to do again Construct- build Reconstruction- to build again Our country was badly damaged by the Civil War…emotionally and physically.
Emotionally
Physically
there were lots of bad feelings between the Northern and Southern states
homes, farms, hospitals were destroyed…particularly the South

3. Reconstruction of a Nation
Reconstruction after the Civil War was the process of reorganizing the southern states into the Union.
Throughout the South, livestock had been killed, as plantations and industries were destroyed.
Productivity levels slowed down, and Southern productivity had depended on slave labor, which no longer existed.

4. Reconstruction of a Nation
Without slaves after the war southern landholders reduced the size of their plantations.
Landowners had to sell large portions of land.
Sharecropping: A tenant or sharecropper agreed to give the landowner, as rent, a portion of the crop raised from his labor.
Sharecropping kept newly freed slaves in debt to landowners.

5. Reconstruction time period was from 1865-1877.
President Lincoln’s goal was to unite southern states with the Union. The grand plan was to have a united nation once again.

6. AIMS of Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln
Preserve the Union and end Civil War quickly
13th Amendment
Andrew Johnson
Humilate the Southern elite
Wealthy Southerners had to ask for a Presidential Pardon
African Americans
Reunite families, Build churches
Equal rights: land, education, voting
Fix all the problems: 13, 14, 15 amendments
Freedmen’s Bureau
United States Congress
Return to a normal way of life
Wanted to continue to be treated better than blacks
Black Codes written to punish blacks
Southerners

7. Freed the slaves everywhere in the United States.
13th Amendment
Freed the slaves everywhere in the United States.
President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was the start of this, but it didn’t free ALL slaves.

8. Guaranteed citizenship to all African Americans
14th Amendment
Guaranteed citizenship to all African Americans

9. 15th Amendment
Declared that all male citizens could vote and would not be denied because of “race, creed, or previous condition of servitude.”

10. Thirteenth amendment- freed the slaves,
Fourteenth amendment- gave them citizenship
Fifteenth amendment- guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race.
Freedman’s Bureau- created to help eliminate injustices to blacks and poor whites.

11. Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was originally a social organization of ex-Confederate soldiers.
It grew into a terrorist group

12. Ku Klux Klan
The KKK used violence, intimidation and voter fraud to keep African Americans from exercising their rights under the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

13. The Compromise of 1877
Democrats agreed to support the election of the Republican candidate of 1876 (the election was riddled with fraud due to KKK and other voter fraud) in exchange for the removal of all federal troops from the South.

14. Jim Crow Laws
The name Jim Crow was ironically, a white man’s imitation of a dancing and singing black stableman.
As a result, the white performers gave the name to a system of segregation in the South.
This form of discrimination took out the gains made by blacks during this time.

15. Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were laws that promoted segregation in the South between the end of the Reconstruction period and the beginning of the Civil Rights movement.
Segregation = separation

16. Supreme Court Justices that ruled on Plessy v Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled in 1896 in Plessey v. Ferguson that separate facilities for whites and blacks was constitutional.
Supreme Court Justices that ruled on Plessy v Ferguson

17. Effects on African Americans
Rights and Restrictions
Reasons to Relocate
Freedmen’s Bureau
Jim Crow Laws
40 acres
Land/ Sharecropping
Freedom
Black Codes
Vote
“Grandfather Clause”
Reading test
Poll Taxes
Reunite with families
Establish communities
Churches
Schools
businesses
Food
Clothing
Medical care
Education
Protection
Find jobs
Land

18. Review

19. Review Questions
How were African Americans’ lives changed by black codes after the Civil War?
They were forced to move to Canada.
They had to sign pledges to obey federal laws.
They were denied many rights.
The codes has no effect.

20. Review Questions
How were African Americans’ lives changed by black codes after the Civil War?
They were forced to move to Canada.
They had to sign pledges to obey federal laws.
They were denied many rights.
The codes has no effect.

21. Review Questions 2. Why was the Freedmen’s Bureau established?
To help former slaves after the war.
To punish the former Confederate states.
To help African Americans settle in Europe.
To elect Civil War generals to the Senate.

22. Review Questions 2. Why was the Freedmen’s Bureau established?
To help former slaves after the war.
To punish the former Confederate states.
To help African Americans settle in Europe.
To elect Civil War generals to the Senate.

23. Review Questions
3. Why were many in Congress offended by President Johnson’s position on Reconstruction?
They opposed the work of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
President Johnson favored equal voting rights for women.
They supported the efforts of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
South states could still limit the rights of African Americans.

24. Review Questions
3. Why were many in Congress offended by President Johnson’s position on Reconstruction?
They opposed the work of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
President Johnson favored equal voting rights for women.
They supported the efforts of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
South states could still limit the rights of African Americans.

25. Review Questions
4. What was one of the major differences between a sharecropper and a slave?
There was no difference.
Sharecroppers were very wealthy.
Sharecroppers were paid in shares for the work they did on the farm.
Sharecroppers were paid in gold.

26. Review Questions
4. What was one of the major differences between a sharecropper and a slave?
There was no difference.
Sharecroppers were very wealthy.
Sharecroppers were paid in shares for the work they did on the farm.
Sharecroppers were paid in gold.

27. Review Questions
5. What enforced the separation of African Americans and other races in the South?
Reconstruction laws
Jim Crow laws
Congress
Freedman’s Bureau

28. Review Questions
5. What enforced the separation of African Americans and other races in the South?
Reconstruction laws
Jim Crow laws
Congress
Freedman’s Bureau

29. Review Questions
6. Why did Congress disagree with President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction?
They did not want to include all of the southern states.
They did not want slavery to end.
It punished the South.
They thought it was too easy on the South.

30. Review Questions
6. Why did Congress disagree with President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction?
They did not want to include all of the southern states.
They did not want slavery to end.
It punished the South.
They thought it was too easy on the South.

31. True or False The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves.
The Southerners’ aim for Reconstruction was to end the war, but to keep the slaves.
Jefferson Davis became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
President Lincoln wanted to unify the country as quickly as possible.
The 15th Amendment gave African Americans, men and women, the right to vote.

32. True or False FALSE The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves.
TRUE The Southerners’ aim for Reconstruction was to end the war, but to keep the slaves.
FALSE Jefferson Davis became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
TRUE President Lincoln wanted to unify the country as quickly as possible.
FALSE The 15th Amendment gave African Americans, men and women, the right to vote.

33. Short Answer Questions (in COMPLETE sentences)
What was the overall goal of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
How were the lives of African Americans made more difficult after the end of Reconstruction?
What effect did black codes have on African Americans?
Why were many African Americans still unable to vote even after the 15th amendment was passed?
Explain the system of sharecropping. Why many African Americans forced into this system after being freed? Sharecropping is…