EQ: What are the structures & functions of the 4 biomolecules? Page 46 EQ: What are the structures & functions of the 4 biomolecules? EQ: How are large complex molecules formed from simple organic molecules?

Basic Vocabulary Organic – pertaining to life Bio - living Mono – 1 Poly – many Macro – large Monomer – small subunit Polymer – large molecule created by connecting monomers together

Biomolecules = Polymers = Organic Molecules = Macromolecules Basic Vocabulary Biomolecules = Polymers = Organic Molecules = Macromolecules

Chemistry Review Energy is stored in chemical bonds Bond Forming Bond Breaking Energy is required to combine two atoms, and that energy is stored in the bond. That stored energy is released when the bonds are broken. ENERGY ENERGY

All about Carbon! Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to 4 other atoms Carbon-based molecules have 3 basic structures: Straight Chain Branched Chain Ring

-Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins -Nucleic Acids All about Carbon! Carbon-based molecules are called organic molecules. Our body needs these organic molecules to survive, & we get these from the food we eat. The 4 biomolecules are: -Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins -Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Structure Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) 1C:2H:1O Ratio; 2 H atoms for every 1 atom of C and O Monomer Simple Sugar called a monosaccharide Glucose (Monosaccharide) Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide (starch, cellulose, glycogen)

Carbohydrates Function Carbs are the main energy source of your body Broken down in the mitochondria (during cellular respiration) to release ATP Some carbs are used for cell structure Cellulose (polysaccharide) is a major component of plant cell walls Examples Simple Carbs: white bread, white rice, syrup, soda, cake Complex Carbs: starchy veggies like corn & potatoes, green veggies, whole grains, brown rice, beans, nuts

Lipids Structure Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains Nonpolar! Classes of Lipids Fats; Monomers – 3 fatty acids & glycerol molecule Waxes; Monomers – fatty acid & alcohol molecule Steroids (ex – cholesterol); made of 4 fused carbon rings

Lipids Steroid Fatty Acid Wax Cholesterol

Lipids Phospholipid Triglyceride *Most common*

Lipids More about Fatty Acids Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated Saturated Fats: solid at room temperature Unsaturated Fats: liquid at room temperature (usually) You should eat more unsaturated fats

Lipids Function Fats – HUGE energy source but used as energy storage (carbs are used 1st because they’re easier to break down); insulation; cushion for organs Phospholipids – form cell membrane Steroids – communication; controls many body processes (hormones) Examples