2. Macromolecules The substances of LIFE

3. Macromolecules Macro= Large or many Molecule= arranged atoms Macromolecules= large arrangements of atoms Macromolecules are big ORGANIC molecules

4. What is an Organic Molecule? Macromolecules are ORGANIC Organic substances are contain Carbon All organic molecules are contain carbon in their basic structure

5. Carbon An element that is used by organic life forms to make molecules of the body. Carbon molecules can form straight chains, branched chains or rings

6. Organic vs. Inorganic Contain Carbon (C) C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 Carbs, Lipids and Proteins Do Not Contain C H 2 O CO 2 CO

7. Types of Molecules A single molecular unit is called a monomer Multiple monomers attached together is a polymer

8. This is a glucoseIt contains a carbon skeleton with hydrogen and oxygen attached to it We can simplify its shape as this A single unit of this molecule is a MONOMER Having multiple units is a POLYMER Monomers and Polymers

9. The Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates We begin with carbohydrates… Carbohydrates are sugars we eat on a daily basis Source of quick energy for our body Carbohydrates are ALWAYS found in the Ratio of : 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen = 1:2:1 Remember this shape? It is a carbohydrate monomer called glucose Glucose= C 6 H 12 O 6 (KNOW FOR TEST)

10. The simplest carbohydrate is called glucose Glucose is a monomer that is found in sugary foods such as these

11. Polymers of carbohydrates look like this These complex sugars are found in foods like bread, cereal and pasta When would it be good for your body to eat foods like these?

12. If glucose molecules are arranged in different ways, other kinds of Complex carbs are formed Starch: Used by plants to store excess glucose Cellulose: Used by plants as a building material Glycogen: Used by animals to store excess glucose In animals In plants

13. Carbohydrates Monomer Name: Monosaccharide Example: Glucose Atoms: C 6 H 12 O 6 Polymer Name: Polysaccharide Example: Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose Atoms: C 12 H 22 O 11 or more! Known as carbs or sugars Ratio of 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen = 1:2:1 Calories: 4 per glucose

14. Macromolecules The substances of LIFE

15. The Macromolecules of Life: Lipids What can you eat that has more energy than Carbs? Lipids (fats and oils) can store enough energy that they can even hold a flame! Lipids contain Contain C, H and O but in no particular ratio

16. Uses for Lipids: 1. Long Term Energy Storage We use fatty acids for energy when we work out and carbs. have been used up 2. Structure of cells Every cell has a cell membrane that is made of Phospholipids. 3. Messengers Steroids are lipids that carry messages through the blood stream 4. Insulation

17. Lipid Monomers: A Glycerin Molecule And…. Three Fatty acids Bonded together, they form a lipid. Ex: C 8 H 195 O 4, oils, waxes, steroids =

18. Types of Lipids Two kinds of lipids: saturated and unsaturated. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in one of the fatty acids Saturated fats have no double bonds.