27.2-Continued Imperialism Student Objectives Analyze the different ways imperial powers established control and management over non-imperial countries. Use the country of Nigeria as a case study to understand the complex dynamics involved with imperialism

Imperialism: Forms of Control 18th and 19th century Imperialism different than European exploration Formerly little affect on locals’ lives Did not go far into country 18th and 19th century-wanted massive influence over these places Forms of Control emerged: Colony-country/territory governed internally by foreign power Protectorate-country/territory with own internal govt. but under control of foreign power Sphere of influence-outside power has exclusive trading power/investment in country/territory Economic imperialism-less-developed country that is economically controlled by private business interests

Forms of Management: Direct and Indirect Control Local ruler still rules Under direction of imperial power Local official still holds power Goal-build leaders-adopt imperial country’s style Seen in British colonies Australia and Canada Also US & Philippines (next year) Direct Control Assumption-Africans unable to rule themselves Developed paternalism- governed region in paternal way (no rights) Adopted assimilation-all schools and institutions would adopt to be like imperial countries What is meant by the word “imperialism?” What does this say in regard as how Europeans/imperial power viewed Africans and other groups they took over? What is meant by the term “assimilation?” How have you heard this word today? Do you think it is good to assimilate? What do you think are the major positives and negatives of the different forms of management?

Case Study: Nigeria British in control of Nigeria Gained control through political and military means Agreement with local officials Many disagreed-rebelled-put down by force Gained control of Palm Oil trade First area was protectorate-then moved to full colony Gaining control-very hard Over 250 ethnic groups in area Three major ones very different from one another Different languages, religion, etc. Governed through indirect control Some groups this worked-others very upset about this set up

African Resistance Africans very resistant to European rule Very hard to successfully rebel Resistance either military or religious Algeria-troops fought against France for 16 years (failure) German East Africa-believed special water would protect them from Germans’ bullet Ethiopia-success Only successful resistance against Europeans Due to Menelik II Pitted imperial countries against each other Modernized military Italy tried to take over Menelik declared war-fought off and able to keep Ethiopia independent What would be some reasons why it would be challenging for African nations to rebel against their European colonizers? What do you think happened to the Africans in German East Africa when they sprinkled this magical water on them to protect themselves from German bullets?

Legacy of Colonial Rule Mostly negative Lost control of land and independence Breakdown of traditional cultures Worst issue-division of Africa Few positives Reduced local warfare Some sanitation and hospital improvements Technological improvements- mostly only for Europeans Based on what we have discussed last class and today, what are the major issues with the Europeans dividing Africa? What are some things that may have occurred with Africans as their were sanitation and hospital improved?