Chapter 21 : Kingdom Fungi Page: 527

Kingdom Fungi Characteristics Stationary & Grow upward Eukaryotic & Multicellular Have cell walls that contain CHITIN not Cellulose No Chlorophyll Heterotrophic (Parasitic or Saprophytes)

What types of Fungi do you know? Bread Molds Mushrooms Molds on oranges Yeast Mildew Wheat Rust & Corn Smuts

Fruiting bodies above ground reproductive structure – made of hyphae. hyphae is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus. Mycelium consists of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. It is well suited to absorb food because it provides a large surface area.

Ecological Importance Lichen - is a mutualistic (both organisms benefit) relationship between a fungus and algae. Fungus provides protection, algae provides energy. This relationship helps lichen to survive in harsh conditions.

Ecological Importance Continued Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between a plant and a fungus. Fungus in the root of the plants helps to break down nutrients for absorption. Healthy lawns contain a secret ingredient: mycorrhizal fungi. Invisible to the naked eye, mycorrhizae form a mutually beneficial relationship with grass roots, stimulating lawns to grow thick and lush. Plant provides sugars for the fungus.

Basic Structure of a Mushroom

Digestion in FUNGI Extracellular – outside a cell Saprophyte Feeds on dead and decaying material Excretes enzymes to break down materials, then absorbs what it needs. Parasite Feed on living material Internal digestion During extracellular digestion, food is broken down outside the cell either mechanically or with acid by special molecules called enzymes. Then the newly broken down nutrients can be absorbed by the cells nearby. ... Although fungi do not have a digestive tract like humans, they still use extracellular digestion.

How are Fungi Classified? Fungi are classified according to the way they reproduce. The 4 phylums of Fungi are: Zygomycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota Deuteromycota

Phylum Zygomycota Ex. Bread Mold (Rhizopus stolonifer) Structures: Zygospore-> resting spore that contains zygotes Rhizoids->(roots) Anchor fungus to bread Stolon-> Stem that run along the surface of the organism

Bread Mold

Phylum Ascomycota “Sac Fungi” Ex. Yeast & Mildew Largest phylum in the kingdom Fungi. Type of Spores: Ascus -> The Ascus is a cup like structure where sexual spores (asci) are produced.

Phylum Basidiomycota “Club fungi” Ex. Mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts that damage crops. Type of spore: Basidiospore->is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete Fungi.

Phylum Deuteromycota “The Imperfect Fungi” Ex. Penicillium notatum Type of Spores: Only reproduce asexually, no spores.