1. Fungi Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About
Holly Springs High School
Honors Biology

2. Fungi- Fact sheet
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls (made of chitin – a modified polysaccharide).
Mostly multicellular (except yeasts)
Complex life cycles, haploid and diploid
They digest food outside of their bodies and then absorb it.
All are DECOMPOSERS (saprophytes), recycling nutrients by breaking down the bodies of other organisms

3. Fungi Structure Multicellular fungi have filaments (hyphae)
A thick mass of hyphae is called a mycelium
Fruiting bodies grow from mycelium

4. Mycelium
Fruiting body
Hyphae

5. Your toes?

6. Fungi Reproduction Asexual
by hyphae breaking off and growing on their own.
Spores, produced in sporangia
Sexual
+ and – gametes formed in gametangia, which fuse to become a zygote. Meiosis occurs, forming haploid nuclei (dominates the life cycle)

7. are divided into the phyla
Fungi
are divided into the phyla
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
includes
includes
includes
includes
Common molds
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Imperfect fungi

8. Common Mold- Zygomycota
Diploid
Haploid
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Sporangium
+ Mating type (N)
Stolons
Rhizoids
- Mating type (N)
Sporangiophore
Gametangia
Rhizopus stolonifer
Life cycle with a zygospore (zygote)
2 types of hyphae
stolons (surface)
rhizoids (penetrate into surrounding material)

9. Mold growing on a lemon

10. Sac Fungi- Ascomycota Asexual reproduction by tiny spores (conidia)
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
HYPHAE FUSE
Diploid
Haploid
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Hypha (N)
Conidiophore
Conidia (N)
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
8 Ascospores (N)
Ascus
Zygote (2N)
Ascus (N + N)
Fruiting body (N + N)
Hyphae (N + N)
Gametangia
Asci
Hyphae (N)
Asexual reproduction by tiny spores (conidia)
Sexual reproduction by spores (ascospores) contained in a sac (Ascus).

11. Sac Fungi
Ascomycota
Morel
(edible)

12. Ascomycota - Yeasts
Saccharomyces– yeast used for cooking, uses fermentation which releases carbon dioxide.

13. Club Fungi- Basidiomycota
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
HYPHAE FUSE
Fruiting body (N + N)
Button
Secondary mycelium (N + N)
Primary mycelium (N)
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Basidiospores (N)
Zygote (2N)
Basidia (N + N)
Gills lined with basidia
Gills
Stalk
Base
Cap
Haploid
Diploid
Fruiting body (the mushroom) contains basidia, which fuse to form a zygote, undergoes meiosis, and begins to grow.

14. The record price paid for a single white truffle was set in December 2007, when Macau casino owner Stanley Ho paid $330,000 for a specimen weighing 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb), discovered by Luciano Savini and his dog Rocco.

15. Mushroom production…CLICK
Also CLICK

16. Mushroom
Cross section of Gills
Gills with spores

17. Shelf Fungi
Coral Fungi
Puffballs
Conch Fungi

18. Imperfect Fungi- Deuteromycota
“Imperfect” fungi—Reproductive cycle is unknown
ex. Pennicillium notatum (where we get Pennicillin)

19. Plant Fungal Diseases
Corn Smut
Wheat Rust
Leaf spots on Holly

20. Human Fungal Diseases Athlete’s foot “Ringworm”
Other fungal infections (Candida albicans– a yeast)

21. Animal Parasites
Cordyceps- infects insects and kills them from the inside out.

22. Lichens – composite organisms
Symbiosis
Lichens – composite organisms
Algae or cyanobacteria + fungus
BioIndicators
Can survive harsh environments

23. Mycorrhizae – Fungus attached to plant roots.
Symbiosis
Mycorrhizae – Fungus attached to plant roots.
Fungus helps plants absorb nutrients, water, and minerals while receiving food from plant (photosynthesis).
~80% of all plants have mycorrhizae